First, symptom description:
The disease primarily affects the leaves of the plant. When seedlings have developed 5-6 true leaves and reach a height of approximately 17 cm, they become susceptible to infection. The disease usually starts from the middle of the outer leaves or the leaf tip and spreads upward or downward. The affected areas are covered with grayish or brownish fungal layers, and the boundary between diseased and healthy tissue is not clearly defined. Over time, the infected regions turn yellow-green, then gray-green, and eventually dry out. As the infection progresses, the center of the leaves becomes affected, leading to wilting, drooping, or even death of the leaf. In wet conditions, the leaves may rot, and when dried, they shrink and twist. Purple spot disease often occurs alongside this condition.
Second, control methods:
1. In early spring, ensure that seedlings (bulbs) are stored in disease-free fields and kept dry. Before planting, select healthy plants again. After drying, soak the seeds in a mixture of 72% wettable powder of mancozeb at 1000 times dilution or 58% pyraclostrobin wettable powder at 1000 times dilution, along with 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder at 4000 times dilution for 30-40 minutes. Dry the seeds thoroughly before planting them in treated soil.
2. Implement a crop rotation system of 2-3 years, avoiding planting onions and garlic in the same area consecutively. Choose high and well-drained sandy loam soil with good drainage and irrigation facilities. Apply organic manure and increase potassium fertilizer to improve plant resistance. Maintain proper moisture levels in the field without overwatering.
3. At the early stage of the disease, remove any central diseased plants immediately and destroy them by deep burial or burning. Once seedlings reach 15 cm in height, start spraying preventive measures. You can use 72% mancozeb wettable powder diluted to 500 times, or 64% oxadixyl wettable powder at 500 times. Spray every 7-10 days. For early-stage infections, 58% pyraclostrobin wettable powder at 500 times, or 50% acetamiprid wettable powder at 800-1000 times can be used. Repeat applications every 7-10 days, and up to 2-3 times if necessary.
By following these steps, you can effectively manage and reduce the impact of the disease on your crops.
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