To ensure successful corn planting, start by selecting the right equipment. It is recommended to use no-till corn planters listed in the Shandong Agricultural Machinery Purchase Subsidy Products Catalogue. These include air-suction precision seeders, rotary seeders, and drill seeders. Choose based on your budget and specific needs. Using precision seeding techniques can eliminate the need for seedlings, ensuring a germination rate of over 95%, which significantly improves corn quality.
Next, optimize planting density according to the variety of corn you are growing. A general sowing rate of 2.5–3.5 kg per mu is typical. For compact varieties, aim for 4,200–4,700 plants per mu, while larger-eared varieties should be planted at 3,200–3,700 plants per mu. In high-yield areas, slightly increase the density to maximize output.
Regulate the spacing between rows to meet both agronomic standards and the requirements of corn harvesters. A common row spacing is 60–70 cm, which facilitates easier harvesting and boosts productivity. By adjusting the spacing, you can meet the density requirements of different corn varieties even with a fixed row width.
Properly adjust the planting equipment according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Ensure the seed and fertilizer distribution is consistent and accurate to maintain the desired planting density. Adjust the repressor wheel to achieve proper soil compaction, and level the seed frame to ensure uniform sowing depth.
Timing is crucial for planting. In Shandong, from the southwest to the Jiaodong Peninsula, the best time to sow corn is between June 1st and 20th. After wheat harvest, it's ideal to sow immediately on the same day to promote early growth. If weather conditions are unfavorable, delay sowing only if necessary. In dry regions, consider sowing after the first rain to improve moisture retention.
Control the sowing depth based on soil conditions. Under normal conditions, the depth should be 3–5 cm. In sandy or arid areas, increase the depth by 1–2 cm to ensure better seed-to-soil contact and improved germination.
Apply fertilizers properly. The depth of fertilizer placement should be 8–10 cm, with at least 5 cm of space between the seeds and the fertilizer. It is best to apply them in separate vertical planes. Use granular compound fertilizers at a rate of 10–20 kg per mu. Where possible, use slow-release fertilizers during sowing to reduce labor and ensure even nutrient supply.
Before starting full-scale operations, conduct a test run to check seed and fertilizer distribution, sowing depth, and overall performance. Make any necessary adjustments to ensure smooth operation.
During the planting process, monitor the machine regularly. Watch for straw clogging or other malfunctions, and address them promptly. Avoid reversing the machine while in operation, and reduce speed when turning. Lift the machine when reaching the end of a row to prevent damage.
Finally, apply herbicides and pesticides at the right time. Spray herbicides within three days of sowing to control weeds effectively. For fields with more than five cutworms per square meter, add insecticides and spray evenly to protect the crop.
By following these steps, you can achieve efficient, high-quality corn planting that maximizes yield and minimizes waste.
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