To do a good job of sow winter breeding management and improve their survival rate is the key to achieving high yield and high efficiency of sows. Over the years, many livestock farms have severely affected litter size and survival rates due to the low level of technology and facilities during the breeding and feeding of sows in winter.
Strengthen post-pregnancy management and increase the birth weight of piglets
Studies have shown that embryos begin to develop rapidly after 80 d of pregnancy and reach full maturity at 110 d. The size of the primary birth is directly related to the survival rate and growth of the piglets after birth, that is to say: one or two birth weight differences, 500% of weaning weight, and 5 kg slaughter. Therefore, in order to promote the rapid development of the fetus, increase the birth weight, and ensure the nutritional reserve of the sow during lactation, after the sow is pregnant for 80 days, the quality and quantity of feed must be increased. The selection of raw materials should focus on consideration of feeds rich in calcium, protein and fat. Cooked soybeans are the best choice for the sow's dietary composition, which is both a source of high-quality protein and a means of fat supply. Adding fat to the sow diet can increase the level of ketogenic substances in the plasma, increase the sow's metabolites by means of the glucose distribution effect for the development and utilization of the fetus, and increase the energy reserve of the fetus, thereby increasing the survival rate of the piglets. . Pettigrew (1981) pointed out that feeding sows with fat-supplemented diets during late pregnancy and lactation can increase lactation levels and milk fat levels in colostrum and regular milk, which can improve piglet survival and weaning weight. Therefore, in the later period of pregnancy, the daily feed volume should be increased to 3kg~3.5kg depending on individual body weight and body condition, and the energy feed in the diet should account for 30%~35%, soybean 6%~8%, and cake type 10 About %, and the rest are filled with bran. The nutritional level of the diet requires DE ≥ 3.1 MJ/kg, CP ≥ 16%, and Lyt ≥ 0.8%. Vitamins and trace elements need to be added. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus should be balanced, especially sodium selenite, which has a preventive effect on improving piglet immunity and reducing diarrhea. Sodium selenite VE emulsion 10ml can be injected intramuscularly 15 days to 20 days before sows.
Control the temperature in the house to create a comfortable environment for the mother
The environmental temperature required for piglets and lactating sows is different. The optimum temperature for newborn piglets is above 32°C, and the optimum temperature for sows is between 15°C and 18°C. If the temperature is raised to above 30°C simply, although the requirements of piglets are better adapted, on the one hand, the cost of warming and heat preservation is increased. On the other hand, the lactation and feeding of sows are also negative. The impact also increases the harmful gas content in the house. Therefore, how to form a sow with a temperature of 15°C to 18°C, piglets above 30°C, good ventilation, and sufficient light is an important measure for the management of sows. In this regard, all regions have explored many experiences. Some have given birth to stoves in the pigs, some have played a certain role in indoor fire walls, hanging bulbs, etc., but the simplest and most economical measures that are most suitable for rural applications are the number of plastic greenhouses and piglets incubators. As well. Specific requirements: As far as possible from the north to south of the piggery, good lighting, leeward sunny. In order to increase the lighting area, the greenhouse must have a certain degree of curvature, choose plastic without dropping film temperature sheds, and set the incubator in a convenient and convenient corner. The area inside the box is about 80cm80cm, and the box is heated with a 250W to 500W far-infrared light bulb or infrared heater. The temperature of the heater is adjusted from the ground level to the temperature. Note that the heater circuit must be fixed to the wall to prevent the sow arch from biting and shocking. When the shener sow has a small amount of herds and has little body heat, it can be properly heated by the fire. When the amount of herds is sufficient, the reliable body can provide heat for heating. It has been proved that in the North China area, about 15 pigs are house-fed, and only the perfect greenhouse plastic can keep warm. Under the condition of no heat source supplementation, the temperature of the sow's own heat can be maintained within the range of 10°C to 16°C. The temperature inside the incubator can be regulated above 30°C. Method to measure the suitability of piglet temperature: When the temperature is appropriate, the piglet will automatically return to the incubator after eating the milk, disperse and sleep, do not get together. When the temperature is too high, the piglet protrudes out of the incubator or is crowded at the exit. When the temperature is too low, piglets overlap under a heat source and compete for direct heat.
Appropriate use of hormone preparations to induce daytime sows in sows
In production practice, more than 70% of sows are born at night. There was a lot of difficulties in management at the time of farrowing, and many pig farmers suffered from disability due to poor management. If the sow can breed during the day, it is easy to monitor and manage, and it is easy to increase the temperature inside the house, which has a significant effect on improving the survival rate of piglets. Chlorprostinol is a prostaglandin F2a analogue that has a strong dissolution of the corpus luteum, while exciting female uteri and diastolic cervix muscles. The success rate of inducing sows is 95%. Tests have shown that in the morning around 8:00, intramuscular injection of this preparation 0.05mg ~ 0.1mg, can be delivered at around 12 noon the next day, no obvious toxic side effects.
Control early-onset diseases early to ensure healthy development of the mother
Postpartum lochia is one of the main causes of postpartum anorexia or postpartum alopecia syndrome. It prevents and controls the inflammation of the birth canal early. It is the primary job in the management of farrowing sows. The specific approach is: When the litter is over or when the tires are discharged, the long-acting penicillin 1.2 million IU 2/100 kg body weight, the analgesic 10 ml to 15 ml, the dexamethasone sodium phosphate 10 mg, and the oxytocin 20 IU to 40 IU are intramuscularly injected. Within 3 days postpartum, the sows have anorexia or poor appetite and no lochia discharge. Choose: 1 fast-acting appetizing and increasing food intake 5ml to 10ml, compound bile A injection 10ml, intramuscularly, twice a day, once every 3 days; VB injection 5ml, pesoxerine injection 5ml, mixed 1 intramuscular injection, 2 times a day for 3 days. If there is still lochia within 3 days after delivery, use 11% concentrated saline to wash the uterus, then inject gentamicin 160,000 I é„„U, or ciprofloxacin injection 10ml; 21% potassium permanganate solution to wash the uterus , Inject antibiotic medication after flushing fluid.
Eat colostrum early, timely iron supplement, early control of yellow and white diarrhea colostrum protein content is high, of which 60% to 70% are immune globulin, because piglets were born without innate immunity, only after eating colostrum can Get immunity. When the piglet was born, the intestinal epithelium was in its original state and had the function of absorbing macromolecular immunoglobulins. It began to decline after 6 hours and almost lost this function after 12 hours. Therefore, eating colostrum early and eating colostrum is an effective measure to improve the disease resistance of piglets. In practice, the body of the piglet is often wiped clean and the mucus in the mouth is wiped clean. After the umbilical cord is disinfected, it is assisted in breast-feeding so that each newborn piglet can eat colostrum. For weak piglets with weak individual strength, first remove the mucus from the mouth and wipe off the liquid from the fetus. Dilute 50% warm glucose solution 10ml to 15ml. Then put it in a 35°C heat source and bake it. After its good state of mind, eat colostrum again. In the next few days, artificial milk should be eaten. Fixing the nipples is an effective way to achieve balanced development of piglets, and it is also an effective measure to prevent piglets from fighting and fighting for milk. The fixed nipples should be adjusted according to the wishes of the piglets, and should be positioned only for individual weak piglets. It is advisable for other piglets not to eat the same nipple. Weaknesses generally choose to be fixed on the first two or three pairs of nipples.
Iron supplementation is timely and early prevention of yellow and white diarrhea occurs at the 3rd day of age, and iron supplements containing selenium are needed for timely iron supplementation. METHODS: Injecting 1 ml subcutaneously on the medial side of the posterior unit can prevent iron deficiency anemia and diarrhea in piglets. If there is a threat of yellow and white fleas on the floor, then at the same time can be intramuscular injection of bacteria (long-acting sulfonamides, the main component SMM, TMP) 0.4m / head, 3d after the injection of 0.5ml / head, generally safe Over the danger period.
Timely feeding and early feeding are effective measures to increase the weaning weight of piglets. Scientific feeding time should start from 7 days, but it requires patience. After opening the cavity by mouth, apply the paste to the base of the tongue to allow it to taste and lure the food. Several times a day, when it has its own desire to eat, it can be fed in the feed grain to allow it to freely feed. The sows began to reduce their diets 2 days before giving birth, and on the day of farrowing, they only fed 1/3 of their usual feed. On the day after childbirth, light salt bran soup was fed.
Scientific arrangement of sow diets to increase milk production
The level of sow lactation is the result of a combination of feed quality and diet. Surveys of households in rural farms have shown that post-partum abortion fed sows have better results than dry and wet ones. Daily feeding 4 times is better than feeding twice daily. The general principles are as follows: Feeding begins on the second day after birth, and constants are given at the age of 5 days. Before this, avoid overeating and injuring the stomach and wait until its function is gradually restored before feeding. Daily intake of dried air should be greater than 4.5kg, on the principle of not wasting feed, feeding 3 to 4 times a day, to maximize sow feed intake. During the peak period of lactation, the feed intake should be more than 6kg, and the daily feed volume should be reduced gradually to 3kg from 2d to 3d before weaning. The crude protein content in the lactation diet should be ≥17%, lysine ≥0.85%, digestive energy ≥3.2 MJ/kg. If 4% or more of the oil can be added, or 10% of mature soybeans have better effect, the milk fat percentage can be increased.
Timely weaning to increase the number of wombs per year
The sooner or later the sow weaning time, directly affect the size of production fertility. However, premature weaning can easily lead to increased mortality and slow growth of piglets. Late weaning reduces the fertility of the sow. Therefore, proper weaning time is a fulcrum for regulating the economic benefits of pig production. In the practice of rearing in rural areas, the determination of the weaning age is best determined according to the time of birth and the weight of the piglet. It requires more than 30 days of age, and each body weight should be less than 8 kg. If all the above tasks are relatively solid, the weaning can be carried out generally at 35 days of age. When weaning, we must catch the mother to keep the piglet, so that the piglet transition in the original circle for 1 week, and then turn the circle.