The significance of carrying out artificial insemination in pigs
1. Speed ​​up the progress of pig breed improvement
In recent years, although China has made great efforts in the improvement of pig breeds and has achieved certain results, there is still a big gap compared with developed countries. Since the popularization of pigs' artificial insemination has been promoted, excellent genes among breeds have rapidly spread. Especially the genes of excellent breeds in the world have also been introduced into China through the purchase of pig essences, which has accelerated the progress of improving pig breeds in China.
2, reduce the cost of feeding
The boars used as pens can complete the mating task of 20 to 30 sows per head, and a boar used for artificial insemination can fulfill the mating task of 100 to 200 sows, which is the efficiency of the transfer. Times -10 times, greatly reducing the cost of raising pigs.
3. Effectively control the spread of swine diseases
Many pig diseases, such as Hufan Syndrome, Brucellosis, Japanese JE, etc., can be transmitted through unclean sex. Each step of artificial insemination is carried out in a sterile manner, which can reduce the spread of the disease and ensure the health of the herd.
4. Improve the conception rate and reproductive rate of sows
Performing artificial insemination requires careful examination of semen prior to insemination and proper preparation to ensure the quality of each semen. And it can guarantee the insemination in the best insemination time, as long as the operation is successful, it can guarantee a higher conception rate and reproduction rate.
Reserve boar training and semen collection
1, the training of reserve boar
Reserve boars are educated at 7 to 8 months of sexual maturity. Before the training, the reserve boar can first watch the sperm collection process outside the sperm collection to make a deep impression, and then remove the adult boar from the sperm collection room and put it into the reserve boar. After the reserve boar enters, it cannot be eager to seek success, but should be familiar with the environment of the sperm collection room to eliminate strangeness. Then cover the livestock with a cloth or animal skin with the smell of a boar or sow, or spray a scent mist on the livestock. Sexual stimulation of the reserve boar using sexual odors causes sexual impulses and creates a desire to climb. At this point, the picker can use the rushing stick to tease the boar, allow it to tear the bite, and guide it to the livestock. After several times, the reserve boar can complete the climbing action and perform the first sperm collection. However, many reserve boars are difficult to tune up at one time, but they need to be tuned repeatedly. It is best to do it every morning. Each time you follow the same method for 15 minutes to 20 minutes. After 3 to 5 times, you can successfully tune.
2. Semen collection
Before harvesting, prepare a set of fine collection bags and filter paper, clean towels and paper towels, and store them in a closed, constant-temperature container.
The boars are rushed into the sperm collection room. After the boar crosses the table, the urine and dirt stored in the foreskin are squeezed with the left hand, and the foreskin and penis mouth are washed with 0.5% potassium permanganate water. Wipe dry with a clean towel.
Put on talcum powder-free one-time fine-collection gloves, and when the boar sticks out of the penis, insert the action, hold the boar's penis head by hand, imitate the vaginal folds of the sow, give the boar erection opportunities, and rhythmically Elasticated palms make the boar happy.
When you feel that the boar is ready to ejaculate, wipe the head of the penis with a clean paper towel and collect the thick white semen after shooting the gel. Boars generally have 3 to 4 ejaculations. The last ejaculation process is completed with full erection, strong impulses, and ejection of colloids.
After collection is completed, quickly label the boar, put it into a closed container, and send it to the laboratory for processing.
Bring the boar back to the pen and cleanse the sperm collection room to keep the collection room clean.
Semen inspection and dilution
The artificial insemination laboratory of the pig requires clean and clean, the console is clean and dry, and the air conditioner is installed to control the temperature between 24-26°C.
Prepare dilutions. Accurately weigh BTS dilution powder (glucose 37.15g, sodium citrate 6g, EDTA sodium salt 1.25g, sodium bicarbonate 1.25g, penicillin sodium 0.5g, streptomycin sulfate 1g) or Gueiph dilution powder, add 500ml of double steam Stir the water thoroughly until it is completely dissolved. Then add double distilled water to 1000 ml and store it in a 35oC constant temperature water bath.
The pipettes, glass rods, slides, and coverslips to be used were placed in a 35°C constant-temperature vessel to open a microscope and a constant-temperature heating plate.
After the semen is delivered, first observe the color of the semen and smell the scent. The normal semen is milky white or off-white, with a slight odor. If it is grayish or bloody, the urine smell should be discarded.
The amount of fine extraction is measured with a measuring cylinder or an electronic scale, and a record is made. The semen is placed in a thermostatic water bath at 35° C. until it is placed in a container for dilution.
A 200-fold microscope was used to observe the viability of the sperm and a preliminary assessment was made. The viability of the sperm could not be less than 0.8.
The number of sperm contained in each milliliter of the original semen is calculated using a colorimeter or a sperm counter, and the total sperm count is calculated. For example, the amount of sperm collected is 200 ml, 230 million sperms per ml, and the total number of sperm is 46 billion. Each diluted sperm is calculated according to 80 ml 3 billion sperm, and 15 heads of diluted semen can be produced, and 1000 ml of dilution is added. Liquid can be.
After determining the dilution required, first dilute the dilution solution with a glass rod into the original semen container at a ratio of 1:1, and gently stir for 10 minutes to 15 minutes. Observe whether the activity of the sperm is affected by adding the diluent. influences. Then add the desired diluent in the same way. After mixing, sub-pack (insemination bag, bottle), place it in a towel at room temperature for about 1 hour, and put it in a 17°C constant-temperature refrigerator for later use.
Insemination procedure
1, sows aphrodisiac feeding
The nursing sows gradually reduced the amount of feed 3 days before weaning to prevent mastitis caused by excessive lactation after weaning. After weaning, they were transferred to the breeding house, and they were reared in groups of 3 heads to 4 heads, and fed 3.5 to 4.0 kg per head to feed the sow. After the weaning, starting from the third day, two times a day, the test boar walked in front of the bar to induce estrus and promote ovulation. The gilts were transferred to the breeding house from 6 months to 7 months of age, and were reared between 4 and 5 heads per column in the weaned sows or male pens to promote the development of gilts' sexual characteristics and improve immunity. force. The gilts were aphrodisiac supplemented 2 weeks before the estrus (7 and a half months of age) and fed 2.5kg-3kg of feed per head until estrus. During this period, the trial boar should be used to stimulate a number of aphrodisiac, prompting gilts to ovulate in time.
2, sow estrus identification
The estrus symptoms began 3 days to 4 days after sow weaning, and the sows were swollen with vulva in the early stages of estrus. They had a small amount of secretions and were restless and cramped. After 24 hours, the swollen swollen sow of the sow relieved, and a large amount of secretions flowed out. The static reflection of the boar was strong. After another 6 hours to 8 hours, the sow's vaginal mucous membrane changes from red to purple, and a small amount of viscous mucus is flowed. The standing static reflection on the back is strong. At this time, the best insemination time should be taken. Positioning column for insemination.
3, insemination
When insemination, first use 0.5% potassium permanganate disinfectant to thoroughly clean the vulva, wipe dry, and use a cotton swab to wipe the deep vagina to try to remove vaginal internal organs.
Lubricate the screw or sponge head of the vas deferens with lubricating oil or liquid paraffin. Open the vulva by hand and insert the vas deferens at an angle of 45 degrees upward. When the feeling of resistance is greater, turn counterclockwise, and then gently pull back to determine the vas deferens is locked by the cervical os.
Connect the infusion bottle or insemination bag, lightly press the bottle (bag), and when it feels unobstructed, use a clamp to fix the vas deferens on the hair root of the tail and gently massage the abdomen of the sow or step on its back. Produce a strong static reflection, produce negative pressure, inhale the semen, this process takes about 5 minutes -10 minutes, the inseminator must have patience.
After the semen is inhaled cleanly, remove the infusion bottle (or bag) and plug the insemination orifice with a matching plug to prevent backflow of the semen. When it is determined that there is no semen backflow after 2 minutes to 3 minutes, turn the insemination tube clockwise to make it From the cervix, the insemination process ends.
Discussion and summary
Artificial insemination of pigs is a meticulous and systematic work. Every detail in the operation process must be taken seriously. Any mistake in one part may lead to failure or even cause major losses. Therefore, the artificial insemination of pigs must be done in a scientific manner. Artificial insemination can bring better economic benefits to the large-scale pig farms.
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