Artificial brains smaller than rice grains, micro SD card-sized hearts, such "organ chips" can help doctors understand the inner workings of the human body. The US Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration have approved a $70 million project called Tissue Testing for Tissue Testing, which aims to study the microenvironment of human organs without the use of scalpels.
Many chips have been used in the laboratory to study how certain organs or tissues work and react to small molecules with potential medicinal properties. But the scope of research is often limited to specific types of cells or fluids. The project required scientists to make 10 different organ chips, connect them together, mimic the human body, and design a software that automatically controls fluid flow and analyzes.
The use of silicon to replace animal experiments is a good choice because animal experiments have attracted a lot of controversy and have not always worked – mice or rats cannot mimic all human diseases. The National Institutes of Health reports that more than 30% of human clinical trials fail because of the way drugs work in different ways in animals. The system is able to test humans' potential response to new drugs and remove toxic drugs earlier in the development process.
Harvard's Wyss Institute, Vanderbilt University, Cornell University, Johns Hopkins University and the University of California at Berkeley are all involved in this new project. In Valença, researchers struggle to study the brain and block the blood-brain barrier of various drugs. The blood-brain barrier allows certain substances required for brain function to pass, but rejects almost all other substances, including potentially potent drugs. The new "micro-brain" consisting of a brain chip, a compartment filled with cerebrospinal fluid and some blood vessels can mimic the above functions and function like a real brain.
"The complete use of human cells to make a human brain model to contain neurons, including blood, brain, and the three barriers between the brain will be a major advancement." Integrated biological systems research and educational institutions - Vanderbilt John Wikswo, director of the institute and head of the project, said this in a statement.
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