What are the problems associated with unfermented organic fertilizer? As a major country in livestock and poultry farming, China produces billions of tons of animal manure annually. However, using unfermented organic fertilizer comes with several significant disadvantages compared to its fermented counterparts, as well as bio-fertilizers and microbial products that rely on properly processed organic materials. These issues can lead to serious environmental and agricultural problems, especially under unfavorable conditions.
First, nutrient loss and pollution are major concerns. When manure is simply collected without proper treatment, it results in a significant loss of nutrients—up to 40-60% due to exposure to air and natural decomposition. This not only reduces the value of the fertilizer but also causes environmental damage, including air pollution, soil degradation, and contamination of groundwater.
Second, unfermented manure can spread harmful pathogens. The presence of large amounts of bacteria and viruses in raw manure can contaminate the soil and pose health risks to both plants and humans.
Third, applying unfermented organic fertilizer can "burn" plant roots or seedlings. This happens because the undecomposed material releases uric acid and ammonia during secondary fermentation in the soil, leading to symptoms like yellowing of seedlings or even crop failure.
Fourth, transportation costs are high. Unfermented manure has a large volume and low density, making it expensive to transport over long distances. This limits its use mainly to large-scale farms located close to the source.
Fifth, unfermented organic fertilizers have low nutrient concentration and slow release rates, which may not meet the varying nutritional needs of crops at different growth stages.
To address these challenges, modern agriculture increasingly relies on the rapid processing of livestock manure and other organic waste using fermentation agents. This process helps produce various grades of organic fertilizers or combine them with beneficial microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing, and potassium-mobilizing bacteria. These functional microbes enhance the effectiveness of the final product, turning it into high-quality bio-organic or microbial fertilizers.
Among the most commonly used strains are Kinpai's fermentation aids and specific bacterial cultures like *Bacillus cereus*. These strains are favored for their fast fermentation speed, thorough decomposition, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, they offer strong resistance to stress, efficient nutrient release, and excellent nitrogen fixation capabilities. Because of these advantages, they are widely adopted by farms, organic fertilizer producers, and bio-fertilizer manufacturers as the preferred choice for producing high-quality fermented and microbial fertilizers.
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