Mango old tree update technology

In recent years, many mango orchards have been planted at low densities. After 6 to 8 years of growth, heavy fruiting and repeated pruning have led to an increase in large branches within the tree canopy. This causes excessive energy consumption, weak growth, and sometimes poor tree structure. In some cases, improper crown management leads to overgrowth and canopy closure, resulting in insufficient light and reduced yields. At this stage, it's essential to thin the orchard by removing some trees, allowing the remaining ones to grow more vigorously. Thinning improves air circulation and light penetration, which in turn enhances both yield and fruit quality. To ensure continuous production, orchards can be renewed gradually. This involves cutting back half of the trees in alternating years. The first year, half the trees are pruned, and the following year, the unpruned ones are updated. During this process, the pruning should target main or lateral branches depending on the tree’s age and canopy condition. Pruning is usually done 30 to 60 cm from the trunk, and a short cut on a 5 cm diameter branch helps reshape the canopy. With proper care, the trees can recover within a year and start producing fruit the next or third year. For 3-4-year-old branches, rotational pruning can be used to maintain production while updating the tree. This method allows for seasonal adjustments—pruning the east and north sides in spring, then the west and south in autumn. This cycle ensures enough space between plants and maintains consistent fruiting. Spring is the best time for short cuts, but they can also be done after harvest. It’s important to apply fungicides to the cuts and loosen the soil around the roots before pruning. Adding sufficient base fertilizer helps support new growth and rapid canopy recovery. When the main branches become old, pruning 2-4 branches (graded from the main stem down) can help rejuvenate the tree. Mango buds are long-lived and easy to renew. To prevent sunburn after heavy pruning, it's advisable to make renewal cuts in early spring and wrap them with tape or ligatures to encourage new shoot growth. In August or September, the upper part of the renewal branch can be sawn off, sealed with mud and plastic, and painted white to protect against sun damage. Before the update, cutting the corresponding roots and adding organic fertilizer to the soil helps speed up recovery. For older or tall trees that need reshaping, backbone updates are effective. These involve shortening the trunk by 50 to 80 cm or forming a new, better-shaped canopy. This approach is similar to main branch updates and helps improve tree manageability. Low-yielding, poor-quality, or seedling mango trees can be improved through grafting. Trees aged 5–7 years with crowns under 3–4 meters can be grafted directly on branches 2–4 cm in diameter. For larger trees over 10 years old, grafting is done when new shoots appear after trimming. Grafting is best done in spring or autumn, with higher survival rates in July–September due to favorable weather conditions. Budding during this period has shown survival rates as high as 88%–95.8%. However, grafting in February or March is less successful due to unstable temperatures and high humidity. After grafting, the tree benefits from a strong root system and rapid canopy growth. Some trees may flower in the same year, with full production expected by the third year. This makes variety change an effective strategy for revitalizing low-yield, low-quality mango orchards. No matter the renewal method, post-update management is crucial. Applying organic and mineral fertilizers, keeping the soil moist, and controlling pests are all essential. After new shoots emerge, only a few buds per shoot should be left to avoid overgrowth. Regular pruning and shaping help restore the tree’s structure and productivity. With consistent care, the orchard can return to its optimal state.

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