To start the cultivation process, gather cultural materials such as wood chips, rice bran, gypsum, sugar, and potassium permanganate. Mix these ingredients thoroughly and fill them into plastic bags measuring 35 cm in length and 17 cm in diameter. Fill each bag up to two-thirds of its height, ensuring that the dry material weighs approximately 0.25 to 0.3 kg. Gently compress the mixture by hand before punching a central hole with a diameter of 2 cm. Insert a 3 cm x 3 cm plastic ring to replace the bottle neck and secure it with a tampon. Sterilize the bags either under normal pressure or using an autoclave, then allow them to cool before inoculation. After inoculation, cover the opening with a cotton plug and secure it with a rubber band for added protection.
Carefully transfer the bags to a controlled environment where the temperature ranges between 20°C and 28°C. Allow the culture to grow for about 40 to 45 days. Once the mycelium has fully colonized the bag and started to emerge from the hole, remove the tampon and plastic ring first. Then, cut the top of the plastic bag just above the culture material. Alternatively, you can hang the bag on a bamboo basket using a rope without cutting the top. Instead, punch holes in the plastic bag or carefully cut them with scissors. The hole diameter should be between 1 to 3 cm, with vertical spacing of 5 cm and horizontal spacing of 3 to 4 cm. Arrange the holes in a cross pattern. The number of holes determines the number of fruiting bodies; typically, around 10 holes per bag is ideal to ensure good ear development. Before punching, make sure both the tools and the plastic bags are wiped with 70% alcohol to maintain sterility.
Once the holes are made, place the bags on a wooden stand or hang them on a bamboo pole. Transfer them to a well-lit, clean cultivation room. Ensure the floor is regularly washed and kept moist but not waterlogged. Maintain a room temperature between 0°C and 15°C, which promotes high-quality mushroom growth with minimal bacterial contamination. Keep the humidity at 95% by misting the area daily, but avoid spraying water directly onto the bags. Provide moderate ventilation to prevent mold growth. Within 10 to 15 days, small black spots will appear, gradually developing into bud-like structures. At this stage, you can begin spraying the bags directly while increasing ventilation time. After 15 to 20 days, the mushrooms will be flat and fully mature, ready for harvesting. With proper care, you may even get a second flush of mushrooms.
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