There are two primary methods for cultivating Wakame artificial seedlings: low-temperature seedling raising and normal temperature seedling raising. The low-temperature method involves growing kelp seedlings in a controlled cold environment, which allows for spore body crossing. However, this approach requires significant equipment investment, is costly to operate, and involves complex procedures—hence, it is rarely used today. In contrast, the room temperature seedling method is much simpler and more practical. It only requires a nursery room, a seawater sedimentation tank, a filter tank, and an applicator, making it more accessible for most growers.
**Nursery Conditions**
1. The nursery should be located near the coast where seawater can be easily pumped in, ensuring a fresh supply of water while avoiding estuaries.
2. The nursery room should be oriented east-west, with a skylight covering about one-third of the roof area. Side windows should occupy 1/3 to 1/4 of the wall space, and there should be a dimming system to control light intensity.
3. Seedling ponds can be either shallow kelp nursery belts or regular deep pools, depending on available resources.
4. A sedimentation pond is essential, using about 50% of the water for seedling growth. The filter pond should be approximately 1.5% of the size of the nursery pond.
5. For seedling support, red-brown rope braided net curtains are commonly used, although polyethylene net curtains are also acceptable.
**Vegetable Selection and Stimulation**
1. Selecting high-quality vegetables is crucial. Ideal specimens have thick, fleshy leaves, large and soft foliage, dark brown color, and visible spore bulges with mucus.
2. The quantity should be around 10 sporophyll leaves per square meter of nursery pond, or about 100 grams of mature spore leaves per 100 meters of seedling lines.
3. Stimulation is typically done through the overcast method. After harvesting sea tea from the ocean, rinse it with filtered seawater, then hang the vegetables in a well-ventilated area or place them on clean straw mats without crushing them. Expose them to sunlight and allow them to dry thoroughly.
**Suitable Picking Time**
The best time to harvest is when the natural seawater temperature rises to between 18°C and 23°C, typically between mid-June and mid-July, as this promotes optimal growth conditions.
**Process Flow**
The process begins with stimulating vegetable growth, followed by spore dispersal, spore shooting, controlling seedling density, indoor cultivation, temperature adjustment, light regulation, proper fertilization, timely washing and water changes, and finally, storing the seedlings in a nursery library.
**Fertilizer Application**
During the Wakame seedling stage, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are essential. In the early stages of gametophyte and sporophyte development, the nitrogen (NO3-N) and phosphorus (PO4-P) levels in the nursery water should reach 4 ppm and 0.3 ppm, respectively. By mid-August, after the formation of sporophytes, these concentrations should increase to 5 ppm for nitrogen and 0.4 ppm for phosphorus. Fertilization is usually applied after water changes, and the fertilizer is generally sprayed evenly at a 5% concentration to ensure even distribution.
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