In the early stages of summer, it's essential to maintain a regular water change and apply appropriate fertilizers. Starting from May, every 20 days or so, we should use "bait" and "liquid medicine" to prevent and treat pests and diseases effectively. During the transition period between summer and autumn, extra attention must be given to water quality management. We need to avoid situations where the pond water turns green or becomes stagnant, and ensure that the water remains clear enough to support healthy growth. The ideal transparency for fish ponds is around 25 cm, while shrimp ponds should have a transparency of 30–36 cm, and crab ponds should maintain a transparency of 35–40 cm. If the water becomes too turbid for the needs of the aquatic species, we should promptly add 5 to 7.5 kg of lime per acre to improve water clarity. Additionally, we should adjust the fertilizer application based on the nutritional requirements of the fish, shrimp, and crabs.
Next, proper feeding practices are crucial for promoting growth and improving the quality of the farmed species. After the start of autumn, we should increase the amount of feed to enhance both the quantity and quality of fish, shrimp, and crabs. For fish, the feeding rate should be 5–6% of their total biomass; for shrimp, 7–8%; and for crabs, 10% of their total weight. Protein-based feed should make up about 60% of the diet for shrimp, 65% for crabs, and 100% for carp. As the temperature drops in October and November, feeding amounts should gradually decrease. At this time, fish should be fed 3%, shrimp 4%, and crabs 4–5% of their body weight daily. Trout should receive approximately 4% of their body weight in feed each day.
Lastly, the responsible use of medications is important to prevent disease and parasite infestations. Every 20 days after the start of fall, non-hazardous drugs such as chlorine dioxide should be applied throughout the pond. In cases where shrimp or crab ponds show signs of illness, 200 grams per acre should be used, administered once daily for 3–4 consecutive days. In addition, we can mix supplements like "nutrient remover," "calcium tablets," and "terramycin" into the bait at a ratio of 0.5 parts per thousand of the feed. It’s also important to monitor the feeding behavior of the aquatic species twice daily during patrols, and adjust the next day's feeding amount accordingly. Lastly, we must implement the "two defenses" strategy—preventing theft, preventing escape, and guarding against predators—to ensure the safety and health of the entire farming system.
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