Egg laying period concerns four major issues

It is highly beneficial to enhance the economic returns of laying hens by understanding common issues that may arise during their laying period and implementing preventive and control measures. Let's explore these problems and their solutions in detail. Anus prolapse is more commonly seen in broiler chickens than in laying hens. Contributing factors include insufficient exercise during rearing, overweight birds, early or late onset of egg-laying, excessive protein in the diet, lack of vitamin A and E, improper lighting, or deficiencies in vitamin D. Pathological causes such as cloacal inflammation, tapeworms, coccidiosis, and abdominal tumors can also contribute. Treatment involves immediate isolation of affected birds. For mild cases, clean the prolapsed area with a 1% potassium permanganate solution, apply gentian violet, and then use anti-inflammatory powder or terramycin. Gently reposition the tissue. If this fails, a rubber band suture method can be used. The bird should be fasted for two days to reduce egg production. Then, inject 5–10 ml of 1% procaine into three to four points around the anus. A 20–30 cm rubber band is placed around the anal area using a three-edged needle, and two sutures are tied on either side. After three days, the stitches can be removed. Cage layer fatigue is a condition affecting caged hens, especially at peak egg production. It is often due to inadequate calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in the diet, along with poor environmental conditions. Symptoms include dehydration, weight loss, bone deformities, soft bones, and difficulty standing. Affected birds may have swollen joints and muscle atrophy. Prevention and treatment involve increasing calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels in the feed. During peak laying, calcium should be at least 3.5–3.7%, phosphorus 0.8–0.9%, and vitamin D3 175–225 IU per day. Maintain house temperature between 18–23°C, ensure adequate space per bird, and provide free-range access for severely affected hens. Adjust feed to help them recover before returning to cages. Thin-shelled eggs can result from several factors: low dietary calcium (less than 3–4 g per day), insufficient vitamin D3, imbalanced calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (should be 2:1 or 3:2), high temperatures reducing feed intake, ammonia poisoning, and timing of feeding. Morning eggs tend to be thinner because blood calcium levels are lower at night. To address thin shells, add 0.5–1 g of calcium to the diet and monitor shell thickness. If no improvement, consider vitamin D3 deficiency. Provide calcium particles at night to increase feed intake. Ensure proper phosphorus levels and improve ventilation in summer. Keep the environment quiet to reduce stress and maintain optimal nutritional levels. Shallow yolk color is often caused by excessive calcium, mycotoxins, diseases like coccidiosis, insecticide exposure, or too much green feed and not enough concentrate. To enhance yolk color, reduce white corn, use yellow corn, add carrots, leaves, red pepper powder, alfalfa, pine needles, eucalyptus leaves, or dried orange peel to the diet. Zhangqiu Xiuhui Veterinary Station

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