Using high-quality forage grass to raise pigs can not only reduce the cost of feed, but also increase the lean meat percentage, thereby greatly increasing the economic benefits of raising pigs. However, pigs are monogastric animals and their ability to utilize crude fiber is limited. Therefore, pigs and pastures planted there should generally have low levels of crude cellulose and high carbohydrate and protein contents. According to the practice of growing pigs in our province for many years, pigs are planted in the spring to raise pigs. The preferred varieties include grain pods, bitter buckwheat, European chicory, and pine cone herb. The spring planting techniques of the four pastures are introduced.
1. Grain pods
Planting time: In early April and mid-April, the ground temperature is stable at 20°C.
Seed treatment: Seeds of seed pods have strong germinating power and can generally germinate without special treatment. However, seeds that are fresh, full, and free of impurities are washed and replanted one day later. The seedlings that grow are not only robust but also grow fast.
Land consolidation: The seeds of grain pods are small and the roots are well developed. The site preparation requires timely and fine. Wherever conditions permit, it is advisable to plan the fall of the land where the grain is planted. The depth of the ground is more than 20 cm.
Planting methods: Seed sowing is generally used for seeding, spacing 50 to 60 cm. Can also be wide line broadcast, spacing 60 to 70 cm. Grain pods sowing 0.25 kg per mu. To ensure uniform sowing, ripe grains or uniform sand should be mixed at the time of sowing. After sowing, cover soil 1 to 1.5 centimeters can be, soil moisture is insufficient or more sandy plots of land, the cover can be deeper. Soil repression after covering the soil can increase the emergence rate.
Feeding value: grains, stems and leaves are crisp and palatable. It is rich in nutritive value. The protein content of leaves at the seedling stage is as high as 21.8% and lysine is 0.74%. The protein content of leaves at the ripening stage can still reach 18.8%. The protein content in the stem is 12% to 15%, and the seed contains 14% to 18% protein. Also contains B vitamins and calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, selenium and other trace elements.
Post-planting management and castration: grain pods are slow to emerge, seedlings grow slowly and are not tolerant to weeds and require careful cultivating and weeding. Combining tillage and weeding for thinning. The first time the seedlings, between each row after the seedling spacing 4 to 5 cm is appropriate; the second time the seedlings, plants grow 7 to 8 leaves, the spacing of 20 to 30 cm is appropriate. Before ridge sealing, 10-15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu, 30-40 kg of superphosphate. According to the need of raising pigs, when the plant height is 40-60 cm, it begins to castrate. When cutting, it adopts the method of “cutting the head†on the same plant. The first cutting of the head and the cutting of the tip can be performed at regular intervals. Three to five branches are grown, two to three leaves are kept from the lower part of each branch, and the tips of the branches are cut off and used for the last time in the frost period. The plant height of grain pods can reach 2 to 3 meters, and the annual yield of fresh grass can reach 10,000 to 15,000 kilos.
2. Bitter leeks
Planting time: From the end of March to the end of April, ground temperature can be sown at about 10°C.
Land consolidation: The seeds of bitter leeks are small and light, and their top soil capacity is weak. Fine soil preparation is required before sowing to facilitate emergence of seedlings. The bitter leeks need a large amount of fertilizer, and they must combine the site preparation with the base fertilizer. Each mu can be used to produce 2000-3000 kg of farmyard manure as base fertilizer.
Planting methods: bitter leeks can be seeded and transplanted. Drilling is often used in live broadcasting, spacing is 25 to 30 cm, mu seed amount is 0.5 to 0.8 kg, broadcast sowing depth of 2 to 3 cm, timely repression after sowing, so that the seeds and soil are closely combined, which will help seedlings. For seedling transplanting, only 0.2-0.5 kg of seed is needed per mu of Daejeon, and the ratio of seedbed to Daejeon is 1:5. The distance between rows of transplanted plants is 2515 cm.
Feeding value: The bitter leeks are rich in nutrients, with dry matter containing 30.5% crude protein, 15.5% crude fat, and 9.7% crude fiber. The crude protein of fresh bitter leeks is 2.6%. Its lysine, threonine and isoleucine content is about 0.16%, which is rich in various vitamins and minerals. The bitter leeks have a large amount of leaves, are fresh and juicy, and the white sap in the stems and leaves has a slightly bitter taste, but the palatability is particularly good.
Post-planting management and castration: bitter leeks should be properly planted and seedlings generally not seedlings. When the seedlings are too close, they can be sparsely seedlings, with 2 to 3 plants in a cluster and 4 to 6 cm in spacing. When the seedlings are 4-6 cm in height, they will be cultivated and weeded in time. Every time you cut a crop, you must top-dress fertilizer and water. Spring bitter buckwheat grows quickly. In the middle and early May, the grass can be cut for the first time. After every 20 to 25 days, it can be cut once every year. It can be cut 5 to 8 times a year, and the height of cut ramming can be 5 to 8 cm. Eli reborn. The yield of bitter leeks is as high as 7500 to 10,000 kg per mu of fresh grass.
3. European chicory
Planting time: from late March to mid-April. Ground temperature stable above 10 °C can be planted.
Land consolidation: The seeds of chicory are small, and the top soil is weak. The field for deep plowing should be ploughed and leveled. Combined with site preparation, per acre Shi organic fertilizer 2000 to 3000 kg, 30 kg of superphosphate.
Planting methods: European chicory can be seeded, sowed and sown in sowing, drilling seed size 250 ~ 400 g/mu, sowing 400 ~ 500 g/mu, hole sowing 150 ~ 250 g/mu. Nursery transplanting 50 ~ 100 grams / mu. Drilling spacing 30 cm, spacing 20 cm. Depth of sowing, 0.5 to 1.0 cm, as far as possible to ensure consistent sowing depth.
Feeding value: European chicory in the vegetative growth period, multiple sampling tests, moisture content 84%, dry matter 16%; dry matter crude protein 20% to 23%, crude fiber 9.9%, crude fat 5.3%, no nitrogen leaching 35% to 42% of the material, crude ash is divided into 12.3%, calcium 1.31%, phosphorus 0.53%. In addition, it also contains a variety of vitamins and a large number of trace elements. Leaves texture soft, palatability, no odor.
Post-planting management and castration: European chicory should be seedling when the seedling grows 1 true leaf. The spacing of the seedlings should be 3-7 cm. When 3 true leaves grow, the seedlings should be fixed. The cultivating and weeding was performed 1 or 2 times before the chimney mulching. After the plants grow taller, the weeds are less competitive than the chicory, and there is no worry about grass damage. When the leaves of European chicory grow to 30-40 cm, they can be castrated and the cutting method is oblique. When it grows vigorously in the summer, it will be cut once every 20-30 days, leaving 4-6 cm in height. The last cut should be 20 days before the end of the growing season. European chicory produces up to 15,000 to 20,000 kilograms of fresh grass per mu per year.
4. Herbs
Planting time: The planting can be started from the end of March, but generally, when the ground temperature is stable at 15°C, it is conducive to seed germination and seedling growth, and prevents freezing damage of seedlings in early spring.
Seed treatment: before planting can be drying and warm water soaking, drying time is generally 2 to 3 hours; generally soaked in warm water at 30 °C for 12 hours, dry and then sown.
Land consolidation: The land should be leveled. Combining site preparation, applying 2,500 kilograms of manure per acre, 50 kilograms of superphosphate, and 10 kilograms of urea as base fertilizer.
Planting methods: Generally, both on-demand and transplanting methods are used. On-demand, the treated seeds will be directly opened on the spot, 1.5 to 2 cm deep, and 1 to 2 seeds per hole. Transplantation, establishment of seedbeds, until the seedlings grow to 3 to 4 leaves, start transplanting, timely watering after transplanting, to prevent dry. The planting density of P. ostreatus is 4000 to 5000 plants/mu.
Feeding value: The crude protein content of Tricholoma villosa hay is 17.8% to 23.6%. Lysine content is high, accounting for 5.28% of protein content; calcium content is 2.5% to 3.2%, phosphorus content is 0.3% to 0.6%; potassium content is 2% to 2.8%; carotene content is 4.26 mg/kg; C content reached 52.3 to 52.8 mg/kg; vitamin E 65 mg/kg. The stalks of the pine cones of the growing season are crispy and juicy, with good palatability. The florets of golden yellow flowers resemble sunflowers and have specific pine scent. Pigs are very fond of eating after a short period of feeding habits.
Post-planting management and castration: Asparagus spp. grows slowly at seedling stage and should be cultivated and weeded early to promote seedling growth. The yield of the mowing grass in the year of planting is low. In the second year, it can be cut for the first time in the end of May. The cutting interval is 20-30 days, and the mowing is done 4 to 5 times a year. Every time castration, combined with watering topdressing standard nitrogen fertilizer 10 kg/mu, after each winter harvest, the field will be applied organic fertilizer. The annual fresh grass production will be 1000-3000 kg/mu, and the fresh grass production in the second year will reach 10,000-15,000 kg/mu.
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