Chaiji and Chaiji eggs have been favored by people. The nutrition of chaiji eggs is relatively comprehensive and balanced. It is mainly rich in protein, vitamins and inorganic salts. The nutrients needed by the human body are almost all, and it is easily digested and absorbed, and it is delicious and natural. Green food. The northwestern part of the Changping District of Beijing is backed by the rest of the Yanshan Mountains. This unique geographical location has created the development of the Changping Forest Fruit Industry, especially the apple industry. In the orchard, scattered chickens, orchard forage grass growth, rich insect feed, orchard by-products, can be well used by the chicken, so that the farmer to eat insects and grass in the orchard, and properly make up some corn, rice and other refined The feed not only ensures the high quality and high nutrition of the free-range firewood eggs, but also guarantees the naturalness of the free-range chickens. It also prevents apple diseases and eliminates weeds under the fruit trees. At present, under the support of relevant departments in Changping District, nearly 200,000 chickens have been cultivated in orchards, which has effectively promoted the increase of farmers in mountainous areas in the Mid-Levels. To develop free-range orchards in orchards, the following work should be done.
The establishment of a chicken farmhouse with scattered orchards in orchards
Site selection
The henhouse should be built in a place free of pollution, away from the village and the main highway, with a sunny leeward and dry terrain, and at the same time, it must meet the requirements of animal epidemic prevention.
Shed structure
With brick and wood structure, 3m to 3.5m high; ground and wall cement surface, easy to disinfect; roof can use mud tiles or asbestos tile structure, requiring insulation; digging a drainage ditch around the house; housing lighting, breeding equipment . The area is determined according to the scale of the orchard and the scale of the rearing, but the size of the rearing area should not be too large, 1,000 to 2,000 are appropriate.
Construction around the farm
Depending on the size of the orchard and the size of the rearing, fences should be fenced with barbed wire or bamboo fences. The height should be about 2 meters. The size of the holes in the net should be moderate. It is necessary to prevent the passage of chickens or other animals.
Feeding and management of free-range chickens in orchards
The choice of free-range chicken breeds
Chicken breeds require good quality, good resistance to crude food, strong disease resistance, and suitable for stocking. You can choose rural and local breeder chickens, or you can choose chickens that have been improved by local breeds, such as Sanhuang chicken and Ma chicken.
Management of Chai Chicken Brooding Stage
The choice of brooding time The ecology of free-range broiler chickens is very seasonal. Generally, they are bred from March to April. In this stage, young chicks are introduced, the temperature of brooding is easy to control, chicks grow faster, and the survival rate is high. At the end of spring and early summer in the rearing stage, there are abundant by-products of green plants, insects and orchards, which can provide high quality feed for the chickens; In the autumn, the temperature was appropriate, and the production peaks were reached before and after the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day. Since then, the demand has increased since the New Year's Day and the Spring Festival. At the same time, the selling price of the eliminated chickens has also been higher.
Feeding and brooding during the brooding period is usually carried out on the ground or on the Internet. Strictly control the temperature and moderation of brooding, and the appropriate temperature is the key to the success or failure of brooding. The suitable temperature for each stage of chicks were: 1 day to 3 days old 33°C~35°C; 4 days old to 7 days old 31°C~33°C; 2nd week old 28°C~30°C; 3°C until 21°C. Humidity requirements: The first week of age relative humidity of 65% to 70%, the second week of age is about 60%, after the third week of age remained at 55% to 60%. Excessive humidity is conducive to the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and is prone to coccidiosis; humidity is too low, the house is dry, and the chickens breathe faster. The body's water is distributed with the respiratory tract, and the remaining yolk in the abdomen is poorly absorbed, which affects the development of the chicks. Properly ventilate and keep air fresh in the brooding room. Drinking water and eating at the right time, drinking warm water of 30°C~32°C in the first 10 days, adding 5% glucose and electrolysis in water; drinking tap water at room temperature; feeding full bred granules for feed, and feeding for the first 5 days Add an appropriate amount of antibiotics to prevent the chicks from getting white fleas, eat small meals and eat freely. 7-day to 10-day-old off-duty, to prevent choking chicken licking licking.
Management during the breeding period
Grazing training After the brooding period, which is after de-warming (generally after 5 weeks of age), the chickens are led out of the house each morning and trained to feed outside the house. - Generally speaking, the two must cooperate. - The person whistles in front or knocks open the way and feeds, so that the chicken robs; The other drives in the rear, until all the chickens come out. To enhance the effect, noon can be whistled and supplemented once a day at noon. The breeder should insist on driving out the chicken in advance in the shed, and control the range of activities of the flock, and use the same method to carry out the teaching of the return. In this way, for 5 days to 7 days, the chickens form a conditioned reflex called “whistle or knocking pots—feedingâ€. Afterwards, only whistling or knocking can be used. Forming the habit of late grazing and late harvest, easy to manage.
During the grazing period, supplementary feeding should be carried out according to the specific grazing conditions of the chickens, so as to increase the growth rate and evenness of the chickens. Feeding time is best returned in the evening, mainly corn, wheat, rice, soybean meal and so on.
Timely correction and regularity Weigh regularly, and timely grouping, according to different weight, the ratio of male to female, determine the amount of feed at night. Weak young cocks can be raised individually or eliminated.
Timely feather-cutting chickens have a strong food and a wide range of activities. They like flying at high altitudes, breaking the leaves of the buckwheat, and seriously affecting fruit tree growth and fruit quality. By cutting the main feathers on the wings from the roots, the flying ability of the chickens is reduced, which avoids perching on the trees, which is easy to manage without affecting the quality of the fruit.
Egg production management
The preparation of the nests was nailed with wooden boards into two-layer, five-sided, open-sided nests. Each nest determines the number of independent nests according to the material. The size of the mouth to be opened was moderate, and the laying chickens were free. You can go in and out. Place a suitable amount of soft straw in the nest. The nest box should be placed in a quiet, sheltered place and measures should be taken to prevent animals such as snakes from entering the nest.
In order to meet the nutritional needs of laying chickens, appropriate supplements should be fed in an appropriate amount of concentrate, vitamins, trace elements, and shell powder. Supplementary concentrates should be dominated by corn, wheat, rice, and soybean meal, and full price feeds for layer chickens should not be provided. The amount of supplementary feed should be 60% of the amount of feed for feeding. Otherwise, it will not only increase the cost, reduce the quality of the eggs, but also affect the field foraging ability of the chickens, it will lose the significance of free-range chickens and reduce the market competitiveness of the products.
The light-filling broiler chickens began to gradually increase the time and intensity of light when they were raised to the age of 15 weeks. After the hatching of the broiler in the evening, the lights were artificially turned on and added for half an hour each week until the sum of natural light was 16.5 hours. The light intensity was 10 lux. The common 60-watt incandescent lamp is evenly distributed in the chicken house, and the height is about 1.5 meters to 2 meters from the back of the chicken. Light bulbs should be frequently cleaned, replaced in a timely manner, and turned on and off at regular intervals. Light intensity, color, and length must not be changed at will.
Timely quail eggs are periodically returned to the eggs produced by the local chickens to prevent mechanical damage between the eggs and eggs in the production nests and to be eaten by other animals or eat by the other chickens.
Management of epidemic prevention of scattered chickens in orchards
According to the procedure to do a good job of immunization
According to the immunity procedures for laying hens that are designated by the local veterinary technical department, it is necessary to immunize in a standardized manner and must not be immunized or missed according to procedures. In particular, immunization efforts for bird flu, Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, fowlpox and egg drop syndrome should be done.
Regular disinfection
The sheds and grazing environment should be regularly spray-disinfected with low-toxicity, high-efficiency and environmentally-friendly disinfectants. The sheds should be disinfected 2 to 3 times per week, and pastures should be released once a week. In particular, disinfection of henhouses and utensils before brooding should be well done, and strict cleaning, spraying, fumigation and other aspects should be strictly controlled.
Regularly deworming
High temperatures in summer, hot and humid, long-range grazing of chickens, highly susceptible to parasitic diseases, especially coccidiosis, regular feeding of anticoccidial drugs is essential. A 0.2% trichlorfon medicinal bath was applied to the chickens in a timely manner to effectively remove the ectoparasites of the chickens.
Prevent pesticide poisoning
When pesticides are sprayed on fruit trees, pesticides and bactericidal pesticides with low toxicity, high efficacy, or low concentration and low toxicity should be used as far as possible, or grazing in restricted areas, or forbidden for 1 week, in order to avoid chicken poisoning.
Clean up excrement and other dirt in time
Daily cleaning of feces in the house, the excrement was transported outside the field and piled under the fruit trees after fermentation; daily excrement to carefully observe the feces, feces can be judged by changes in the health of the flock and what kind of disease. Clean up the sewage dirt in the pastures in time, especially after the rain, remove the rainwater in time to prevent chickens from drinking and cause illness.
Observe carefully and keep abreast of the condition of the flock
Every morning and evening, we must carefully observe the status of the flock and find that we do not eat, die, and individual dead chickens to carry out necropsy, combined with clinical symptoms to make a correct diagnosis, timely prevention and treatment of symptomatic medication; regular inspection of the pen off the fence status, found that Damaged areas are promptly repaired to prevent escape of chickens and invasion of exotic animals.
Safe and timely treatment of dead and dead chickens
After being diagnosed and diagnosed by necropsy, the dead chickens should be buried deep under the fruit trees away from the culture area. Both the sick and the dead chickens should be harmlessly treated and the fruit trees should be supplemented with fertilizers.
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