Core Tip: The survival rate of the piglets and the growth during the feeding period affect the economics of the entire farm. In order for the pigs to have a good survival rate and a high weaning weight during lactation, we should strive to increase the lactation and milk quality of the sows so that the piglets can eat well. In general, sows are provided with adequate nutrition during lactation in order to obtain maximum milk yield, maximum weight gain of the sow and good reproductive performance of the sow. The following describes the nutritional needs of lactating sows in terms of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals.
1. energy
The energy needs of nursing sows are divided into maintenance needs, lactation needs and growth needs. A large amount of energy is needed during breastfeeding. When the energy consumed by a nursing sow does not meet these three energy requirements, the sow uses its own stockpiles for lactation. When the sow’s weight loss is too large, it will affect the next estrus and interfere with the production of the farm. According to the current lactating sow diet energy level of 13.6MJDE/kg and the average intake of about 5kg, the sow energy intake can not meet the needs of milk production, but must use the body's reserves, the relative lack of energy in the entire Lactation is always present. Adding fat is an effective measure to increase the energy of the diet, and it can also increase the fatty acid content. Especially in the summer hot season, adding fat is particularly important, which can effectively increase the energy level of the diet, and the body produces less body heat in the metabolic process. The suitable amount of fat is 2% to 3%. If you add too much fat, the feed will deteriorate easily and increase the cost of the feed. Most trials have shown that adding fat to the sow diet during early lactation also increases daily milk production and milk fat percentage. Nursing sows have the ability to convert fats in the diet directly into milk fat. Attention should be paid to the composition of fatty acids in the selection of fats. It is recommended to use less saturated fats and animal fats with high levels of long-chain fatty acids. The balanced fat powder added to “Wang Milk†(WeiJia Group) contains a large amount of medium and short-chain fatty acids, which can be easily absorbed by the pigs when they are converted into milk fat, providing energy to the piglets to increase their weight gain.
2. protein
The lactating sows have a higher demand for protein, and the crude protein content can be allocated to 18%. Protein raw materials should be selected from high quality soybean meal, extruded soybean or imported fish meal. If the original 4% or 6% lactating sow material has a small addable space, it is impossible to add more high-quality protein materials such as fishmeal to the premix. Users can easily buy fake food by adding fishmeal and puffed soybeans. The 12% nursing sow material "Wang Milk" has more room to add to the user to solve the problem of buying high quality protein raw materials. We all know that the amino acids in fishmeal and the ideal amino acid pattern of pigs are the closest ones. Adding fishmeal to sow feed can make sows better perform lactation.
Of all the amino acids, lysine is the first limiting amino acid in lactating sows. For high-yield sows, as the intake of lysine increases, the milk production of the sow increases, the weight gain of the pig increases, and the weight loss of the sow itself decreases. The current high-yield system sows have increased milk production and the required lysine content has increased. NRC (1998) introduced a lysine level of 0.6% is far from meeting the demand. Tests have shown that when the lysine level is increased from 0.75% to 0.9%, with the increase of lysine intake, the weight gain of each litter increases and the weight loss of the sow decreases. Therefore, the new NRC recommended lysine requirement of 0.97%. However, too high lysine content will lead to another amino acid - Val deficiency. Studies have shown that increased dietary Val and Lys ratios can increase sow lactation performance and litter weight at weaning. A new study in the United States also showed that when the lysine content exceeds 0.8% during the lactating period, Val is the first limiting amino acid. Val is a branched-chain amino acid. Branched-chain amino acids are essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in animals and must be obtained from diets. Studies in recent years have shown that branched chain amino acids have an important influence on the lactation process. The Val content in breast milk is only 73% of Lys, but the Val absorbed by the breast is 137% of Lys, indicating that Val is not only involved in milk protein synthesis, but also has oxidative function and provides C and N sources for essential amino acid synthesis. Higher levels of valine and isoleucine increase milk fat rate throughout the lactation period, and increased milk fat content provides more energy for growth of the piglet. Tokach et al. found that when the lysine content was 0.9%, the weaning weight of the sow was increased when the proline concentration was increased from 0.6% to 0.9%. In addition, Richert et al. (2011) pointed out that high-producing sow diets should contain at least 1.15% proline for the pig to achieve maximum weight gain. The study of isoleucine showed that the amount needed to achieve the highest weight gain for the sow was much higher than the recommended amount for NRC, and the highest isoleucine level was found at the high level of proline (1.07%). The suitable addition amount is 0.85%. "Rich Milk" balances these amino acids while paying attention to the addition and balance of other amino acids, making full use of the amino acids in the diet. Experiments have shown that dietary amino acids are at the optimum level, and the average weight of the pigs is 2 kg higher than that of pigs fed basic amino acid sows.
3. Vitamins
Adding a certain amount of vitamin C (150 mg/kg to 300 mg/kg) to sow diets in summer can reduce hyperthermia stress. Vitamin E (30 mg/kg~50 mg/kg) can enhance the body's immunity and anti-oxidation function, reduce the occurrence of sow mastitis and metritis, and reduce the number of weaned piglets and the pig's diarrhoea when it is lacking. Biotin (0.2 mg/kg) is widely involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and biotin deficiency can cause dermatitis or hoof cracking in animals. The high temperature environment can reduce the synthesis of biotin in the intestinal bacteria of animals, so more biotin should be added to the feed. Vitamin D (150IU/kg~200IU/kg) regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. Some other essential vitamins such as B, folic acid, pantothenic acid, and choline should also be added in appropriate quantities.
4. Mineral elements
Calcium and phosphorus are the main components of bones. Calcium and phosphorus have the proper proportion of calcium in the range of 0.8% to 1%, phosphorus of 0.7% to 0.8%, and effective phosphorus of 0.45%. Phytase can be added to the diet to increase the absorption and utilization of phytate phosphorus. Calcium, phosphorus content is too low or imbalance in the ratio can cause suckling sows hind limb paralysis, the choice of raw materials should choose high-quality calcium, phosphorus additives. Trace element iron: During sow feeding, sows lose a lot of iron, often showing critical iron deficiency anemia. This not only affects health but also reduces the use of feed. The recommended dosage is 70 mg/kg. Manganese: Tests have shown that broilers are fed with 0.5 mg/kg diet for a long period of time with skeletal abnormalities, irregular estrus, or oestrus, and reduced milk production. Studies have shown that adding 5 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg of manganese to the diet of lactating sows is appropriate. Zinc deficiency also affects the sow's lactation performance. Zinc can promote the development of hoofs, bones, and hair and reduce hoof disease. It can also improve reproductive performance of sows and reduce the incidence of mastitis. The requirement for zinc in lactating sows is affected by many factors. The standards for adding zinc vary from country to country, ranging from 40 mg/kg to 140 mg/kg, and the addition of zinc in China is 60 mg/kg. suitable. Other minerals: Selenium requirement is 0.15 mg/kg, and iodine is 0.14 mg/kg. In addition, the selected raw materials will affect the sow's absorption of mineral elements. “Wang milk†uses organic materials such as organic iron, yeast chromium, and yeast selenium. Organic raw materials are easy to absorb, high utilization rate, can effectively increase the content of breast milk mineral elements, and will not cause antagonism between minerals.
The nutrition needed for nursing sows is also affected by factors such as breed, age, parity, and number of belts. In addition, the amount of feed consumed by a nursing sow directly determines the intake of nutrients. Because the sow's experiment time is often required and the required investment is relatively large, the study of the sow's nutrition brings certain difficulties, and the in-depth study of the nursing sow's nutrition needs to be further strengthened.
Everything You Need To Know About LED Lighting
LEDs are a simple invention with huge potential to change the lighting industry for the better. Don`t know much about them? Here are three big things you need to know to get your feet under you:
1.What Does LED Stand For?
2.LED stands for light-emitting diode.
A diode is an electrical device or component with two electrodes (an anode and a cathode) through which electricity flows - characteristically in only one direction (in through the anode and out through the cathode). Diodes are generally made from semi-conductive materials such as silicon or selenium - substances that conduct electricity in some circumstances and not in others (e.g. at certain voltages, current levels, or light intensities).
2.A light-emitting diode is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electrical current passes through it. It is essentially the opposite of a photo-voltaic cell (a device that converts visible light into electrical current).
Did You Know? There is a similar device to an LED called an IRED (Infrared Emitting Diode). Instead of visible light, IRED devices emit IR energy when electrical current is run through them.
1.How Do LED Lights Work?
2.It`s really simple actually, and very cheap to produce, which is why there was so much excitement when LED lights were first invented!
The p-type and n-type materials are created by introducing the original material to atoms of another element. These new atoms replace some of the previously existing atoms and in so doing, alter the physical and chemical structure. The p-type materials are created using elements (such as boron) that have less valence electrons than the intrinsic material (oftentimes silicon). The n-type materials are created using elements (such as phosphorus) that have more valence electrons that the intrinsic material (oftentimes silicon). The net effect is the creation of a p-n junction with interesting and useful properties for electronic applications. What those properties are exactly depends mostly on the external voltage applied to the circuit (if any) and the direction of current (i.e. which side, the p-type or the n-type, is connected to the positive terminal and which is connected to the negative terminal).
Application of the Technical Details to LED Lighting:
When a light-emitting diode (LED) has a voltage source connected with the positive side on the anode and the negative side on the cathode, current will flow (and light will be emitted, a condition known as forward bias). If the positive and negative ends of the voltage source were inversely connected (positive to the cathode and negative to the anode), current would not flow (a condition known as reverse bias). Forward bias allows current to flow through the LED and in so doing, emits light. Reverse bias prevents current from flowing through the LED (at least up until a certain point where it is unable to keep the current at bay - known as the peak inverse voltage - a point that if reached, will irreversibly damage the device).
LED Lighting
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