Melon anthracnose is a common disease in the field and occurs in every melon area. Storage and transportation period can continue to be harmed.
Symptoms mainly damage leaves and fruits. The leaves were infected, and the lesions on the leaf surface were nearly round, yellow-brown to reddish-brown, with mottled patches on the surface, and yellow halos on the edges of some lesions. Infected fruit, the fruit surface also appears nearly round brown to reddish-brown lesions, ranging from 3 to 5 mm in diameter, and some of the expanded diameter of up to 10 mm or more, when the wet leaves and fruit spots appear needle red liquid Point, this is the disease-based symptoms (spore discs and conidia).
Pathogen? The pathogen is the subphylum of the genus Meloclonus [Colletotrichumorbiculare (Berk. & Mont.) Arx. =C. 1ag-enarium(Pass.)Ell. Et Halst. ].
Characteristics of the disease: The pathogenic bacteria are mycelia and subsp. sclerotiorum, which are left over in winter in the soil. The conidia produced by the sub-sporozoite are used as the primary invasion and re-invasion inoculation, and they are spread by rainwater. The pathogenic bacteria can also be used for wintering on the seeds of mycelium. Seeding seeds can cause sprouting during the seedling stage. Warm weather (22 to 27°C) and humidity (relative humidity of 85% to 95%) are conducive to the onset of weather and planting environment. Soil, low-humidity or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer is more severe. The disease can occur in the field, but it can also continue to cause harm in the storage and transportation of fruits after harvest, resulting in a large number of rotten fruit, and the losses incurred are sometimes greater than in the field. There is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of differences in disease resistance among varieties. At present, it is only known that Qitian No. 1 (Heilongjiang) is more resistant to anthrax, and yellow sugar cans of melon (Jilin Changchun) are highly resistant to anthracnose (also high resistance to wilt disease and more resistant to powdery mildew). . Other varieties that generally perform better than disease resistance, such as Jingnong No. 4 Muskmelon (Jingzhou, Hubei Province), Big Perfume (Jilin), Balixiang (Jilin), Qilixiang (Liaoning), Datianli (Jilin), Linglong Muskmelon (variety source) (Unknown), Asia No. 2 (Hebei Agricultural University), Snow White (Jilin Changchun), High-resistance White Powder, Frosty Bo, withered?
Control methods
1. Breeding and changing resistant varieties according to local conditions. In view of the hazards of melon anthracnose that can continue to occur after harvesting, some species that are resistant to storage and transportation, such as Tiebaibaibao and Huangsuguan (Jilin), Datianli (Jilin Nongda), Wanghaigua (Henan), and Dafu ( Jilin Changchun) and Longtian 1 (Heilongjiang), etc., may also be resistant to anthrax, which is worth noting.
2. Strengthen cultivation and management: Choose sandy loam soil with good drainage, and carry out crop rotation for more than 3 years with non-guay crops; apply base fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potash fertilizer, and increase plant resistance; eliminate water accumulation in the field in time after rain and harvest. After the disease, diseased leaves and diseased fruits were cleared out of the fields, burned or buried deeply.
3, chemical control: the beginning of the onset of spraying, available 65% zein zinc WP 400-600 times, 70% mancozeb WP 500 times, 50% carbendazim WP 500-700 Diluent, 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 700 times, 80% anthraquinone WP WP 800 times, 2% antimycotic (AGC 120) 200 times, sprayed once every 7-10 days , Continuous 2-3 times; spraying fertilizer mixed with fertilizer or spray Baoye fertilizer, better results. For melons that are stored or transported far away, they must be carefully selected to eliminate the fruits of Bo's injuries. When conditions permit the use of low-temperature storage or smearing preservatives, the temperature is best controlled at about 4 °C. Excessively high temperatures can easily cause fruit rot.
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