Many people will raise shrimp. In recent years, various breeding modes have been explored throughout the country. Many have achieved good economic benefits. In particular, the high healthy shrimp culture system promoted in previous years has promoted the rapid development of white shrimp culture in China, making The total production of shrimp aquaculture has been steadily increasing, resulting in huge economic and social benefits. However, in the production practice, many farmers have been pursuing high yields and causing more and more shrimp diseases, shrimp growth is getting slower and slower. Ten days or so, and the vast majority of the past two years have been raised for more than 100 days. Although it is related to the degradation of shrimp seedlings, it cannot be denied that there are some defects in the farming methods, such as “stolen death†that has plagued farmers. The problem of “depletion at the end†often results in dead prawns, high feed coefficients, and high culture costs; at the same time, the system advocates the thorough disinfection of the water bodies before the seedlings, resulting in difficulty in stabilizing the water quality in the breeding process, and the disinfection during the breeding period leads to shrimp Stress problems. The ecological culture advocated in recent years is not the “ecological culture†in the true sense. It only uses microbial preparations, uses less disinfectant, uses little or no antibiotics, and is also pursuing high yields and efficiency. However, this method often leads to shrimps. Serious illness and low success rate. In the 1980s, Dashui Noodle Shrimp had indeed had true ecological farming. It had released three to four thousand seedlings per acre and basically had no feed. It was just a fertilizer and water-feeding food organism. Shrimp grew fast, had fewer incidences, and had little pollution to the environment. However, due to the low yield and limited land resources, it is impossible to promote it in an all-round way. Farmers also always want to seek maximum efficiency and have high density of planting seedlings. According to the author's years of practice in shrimp farming technical service, many people have problems in the shrimp farming process and wrong farming concepts. They are now proposed and hopefully discussed with the majority of people in the industry:
1. Some so-called "experiences" are the "stumbling blocks" for better breeding efficiency.
In this case, for example, in April 2007, a shrimp farmer in Tieshangang, Beihai, had put his shrimp pond on seedlings for more than ten days. The author saw that his water was changing quickly, let him catch fertilizer as soon as possible, and he knew that he just changed the fertilizer and it became clear. He used a little reform, and as a result, the water was fat again on the second day. He thought that there was a problem with the method of fertilizer and water that we recommended, and the fertilizer product that he used was very good, and we said Let him use this product fertilizer to see if he can be effective next time the water becomes clear. He dares to say that in all likelihood, it will not be effective because the Degradation product cannot be directly used to make water. In fact, it is also possible that the fertilizer may not change, but it happens to happen. When the water became clear, and it happened that the water was fat again the next day after the change was made. If it weren't necessary to use those products of the bottom-up product, it would have been fat. This is actually the fertilizer products that were used previously.
Many of our farmers have always liked to summarize some accidental coincidences as experience. The results will not be effective in the same way the next time. The most common situation is the occurrence of shrimp or water problems. Many measures have been taken and it has actually been effective. However, the effect is not obvious. After another product is used, the effect comes out. The next time the same problem is encountered, only the last product used will be used. The result will be ineffective. There is a time course for any product or measure to be effective. We should analyze the composition and role of the products used, analyze the scientific principles of the measures taken, the effective time, and the degree of effectiveness, and must not consider products that have no effect as universal. The products are wildly promoted, especially in the prevention and treatment of diseases, it may not be clear what the ingredients of the products used, the role of the products, and the scientific principles of the measures taken to delay the timing of disposal, the loss is huge. "Doing water" is also the same principle. When it comes to fertilizer and water, it is always easy to change. In many cases, "experience" harms us! Existing breeding "experiences" have constrained our thinking and it is difficult to accept new ideas.
Is it correct to follow the methods of the experts and professors who have cultivated shrimp?
It is true that experts and professors are very knowledgeable. Most of their references are correct, but they cannot meet all the problems that arise in the breeding process. Their practical experience may not necessarily be rich in our farmers, and it is sometimes difficult to put theory and practice into practice. Organically combined; and in view of the level of cognition at that time, they could not predict certain unfavorable factors of a certain theory. For example, the disinfection of pool water was promoted in previous years, and the whole course of disinfection and control of pathogenic microorganisms was used in breeding. However, in recent years, frequent disinfection is no longer advocated; in addition, lime or tea bran is used per acre in the breeding process mentioned in the previous years. 20 kilograms, but now it is recognized that the use of such a large dose can easily cause stress response in shrimp; there are no side effects in the advocacy of microbiological agents in previous years, but we have recently realized that oxygen-consuming bacteria such as Bacillus, nitrifying bacteria, etc. in anoxic waters. The effect is not good. Knowledge is constantly updated, technology is constantly improving, and there may be many blind spots in aquaculture management that we have not yet realized.
If it's correct to follow people who raise a good shrimp? We must know that there is a certain difference between pond and pond, water quality, shrimp growth, and health conditions are also very different. For example, the pH of others' ponds is lower than that of quicklime, and your own pond is seriously high in pH value. You are still following. It is not appropriate to use quicklime; as shrimp and water of other people do not need to be dealt with normally, and your water has fallen out of algae, the shrimp is no longer eaten, or it is already sick. Do you still have to deal with it? People may have poor water quality, shrimp disease is treated with medication, and your shrimp and water are normal. Do you need to use the same method? People can't absolutely guide your management measures, shrimps, and water quality. They are good at adeptly taking appropriate measures according to specific circumstances. If you copy it, it may not work or even be counterproductive.
, water quality indicators and stable water which is more important?
At present, many people are pursuing the beauty of water color, and even a lot of books and articles are recommending good water quality indicators. It is often the case that South American white prawns detect pH at the early stage of culture, during the "red body swimming", during the middle and later stages of "stolen death" and "drinking the bottom". Most water quality indicators such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are within the normal range. In fact, shrimp farming, the stability of the water is more important than good water quality indicators, because shrimp disease (especially viral) is difficult to control in the event of the occurrence, it is critical to prevent, should avoid the large number of natural water in the disease period without any treatment, and The introduction of more bacterial viruses, when the number of viral bacteria to reach a certain burst threshold, the shrimp disease is prone to eruption; a large number of water is also easy to cause abnormal shrimp clam shell, shrimp shrimp clam shell during the resistance is susceptible to pathogen infection, At this time, water body mutation, medication and other stress factors may cause the outbreak of shrimp disease. It is also possible that the water quality has not yet had time to reflect the deterioration of the water quality index. Moreover, the current recommended water quality index is not the most suitable shrimp, but the previous water quality indicators of fish were borrowed, not to mention the detection methods are not allowed. problem. When the water body is stable, the risk of stress on the shrimp is small and the risk of disease is small.
4. Why is it difficult to cultivate stable water, even if the same product is used for the same method, the water that is fattened up is very different?
I don't know if everyone carefully observed and thought about it, why the color of the rivers and lakes throughout the year can basically maintain the same color (with the exception of red tides and flooding), why doesn't the disinfecting color change in the middle and later stages, and why weeds are basically the same? Tufty lawns have poor herbicidal efficacy with herbicides and can be easily removed if only a small amount of weeds are used.
Because of the evolution of nature for many years, the algae species in the waters of the rivers and lakes are complete and stable, and the algae are in balance. Algae are abundant in the middle and late stages of breeding. The conventional disinfectant dose is not enough to kill so many algae, and thus the water is not felt. The change. The conventional practice before we put the seedlings is basically clear pond ponds, enough water, disinfection, fertilizer and water. The problem is that when we disinfect the pool water, too little algae in the pond will kill most of them. The poor algae species also destroy the balance of the existing algae. We may have destroyed some of the dominant algae before the algae have proliferated to a large scale, or we may not have long-lasting or insufficient fertility. The irrational nutrition structure and the improper mix ratio affect the growth of existing algae in the pond. When the nutrient structure of the fertilizer is not suitable for the growth of existing algae and is just suitable for the growth of algae of another species, the phenomenon of algae growth, such as green water, occurs ( Chlorophyta is mainly converted to brown water (mainly consisting of diatoms). When the new algae species multiply and consume the fertility of absorbing water, the nutrient structure of the fertilizer is not suitable for its growth. Change back to the original green water, but there are changes sooner or later, so that the middle and late breeding season pond water has become various.
Therefore, the vast majority of farmers currently using whatever method of fertilizer and water, as long as the first disinfection of fertilizer and water, basically get up the water, but often put the seedlings ten days and a half months or so will be easy to "bottom algae", "spirulina The root cause lies in the fact that our operations have destroyed the balance of the algae phase before the algae have propagated to form an advantage, and the fertilized material is either incomplete or unreasonable, or not durable. In fact, we can do without destroying the algae structure of natural waters. We first use some quick fertilizer products (as long as they do not contain viable bacteria) to make the algae multiply to form a quantitative advantage. If we worry about viruses in the water body, Bacteria re-sterilize the pool water too late. When the medicinal properties of the disinfectant have disappeared, some long-acting fertilizers and microbial live bacteria products are used to keep the water stable. This has nothing to do with the advancement of water, disinfection, fertilizer, and seedlings. It only changed the order, and the good water was used to disinfect the pool water. It was also the case of disinfecting the pool water before putting it aside.
What is more important for a healthy and stable algae and fungi phase?
Everyone can think about why we can't treat the pool water to be crystal clear, and it's easy to do that. The kind of water is almost no algae, it's very hygienic and it has no bacteria and viruses.
Imagine that in the middle and late stages of aquaculture, it may be possible to feed dozens of kilos of material, and one gram of shrimp may produce several tons of material. Even if the level of aquaculture is one kilogram, shrimp can raise one pound of shrimp, and shrimp can only use less than half of the shrimp. Proteins and other nutrients, residual baits in the water, feces, dead animals and plants, etc. If there is no algae alone, bacteria cannot be broken down and absorb so much organic waste. Therefore, it is difficult to grow shrimp without algae. However, some people in practice practice that they can grow shrimp without using bacteria, and the yield and benefits are good. This is because there are many microorganisms in the soil. If the method is proper, the algae can be cultured well, and the algae can absorb and use the organic matter in the pond. The resulting inorganic salts.
Of course, it does not mean that it does not require a healthy yeast phase, but it is relatively easy to cultivate a good yeast phase, and it may be more difficult and more important to cultivate a stable and healthy algae phase than the bacterial phase. Shrimp need to cultivate healthy and stable algae phase through fertilizer, water and water transfer, the role of fertilizer and water, first, to provide nutritious natural biological food; second, algae photosynthesis to absorb carbon dioxide, while generating a lot of oxygen; third is the use of residual bait feces The inorganic salts and ammonia nitrogen produced after the decomposition of organic matter purify the water quality; the fourth is the inhibition of the propagation of harmful algae (such as moss) and germs, hiding the shrimp, providing a relatively stable living environment for the shrimp.
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