1, technical points
The full range of high-yield, high-yield, mechanized corn production includes planting, planting, irrigation, cultivating, plant protection, and harvesting. Wherein the pre-planting arable land, irrigation, cultivator, plant protection can be used general machinery operations, constrained the corn production mechanization operation operations are mainly corn machine broadcast, machine revenue two major links.
(1) Select land preparation. Land fertile, well-irrigated and well-drained plots should be chosen. In places with flat terrain, no-tillage sowing can be carried out in accordance with the key points of conservation tillage techniques and operating procedures, or shallow rakes or shallow spins can be implemented using tools such as disc cultivators and rotary cultivators. The deep loosening technique can be applied where the deep loosening technique is applied. Generally, the depth is 25 to 28 cm. In small plots in the mountainous area, tillers can be used.
(2) sowing. 1 Select seed, in order to adapt to mechanized corn production, should choose the dense plant varieties, and seed selection before sowing, remove damaged grains, diseased grains and miscellaneous grains, improve seed quality, conditions can also be used for seed dressing, It is effective in controlling underground pests, seedling pests, and corn smut. (2) The main sowing machine used for sowing and direct seeding is corn fine seeding machinery. It is recommended to use a seeder with multiple processes such as sowing, fertilizing, spraying herbicides and so on. When planting, the sowing depth should be determined according to soil moisture and climate conditions, suitable for sowing depth of 3 to 5 cm. The adjustment of the row spacing of corn mainly considers the local planting specifications and management requirements, but also considers the requirements for the line spacing of corn combine harvesters. For example, the conventional rowing corn combine harvester requires a row spacing of 55-77 cm (standard ridge distance 60- 65 cm best). No-till direct seeding technology can also be used. In the field after wheat is harvested, direct seeding with a direct seeder of maize is possible. The row spacing is 60 cm, the spacing between plants is 15.2 to 28.8 cm, the seeding rate is 1.5 to 2.5 kg/mu, and the depth is 3 to 5 cm. Miao Qi, Miao Quan, to achieve cost-effectiveness.
(3) Cultivate fertilizer. According to the timely weeding of surface weeds and soil moisture, the first cultivator was carried out after the maize seedlings were developed, and the cultivator was used twice a year for the main purposes of loose soil, soil conservation, weed control, topdressing, ditching, and soil cultivation. The first time the cultivator does not pull ditch, not buried seedlings is appropriate, nurse seedlings with 10 to 12 cm, for this reason, we must strictly control the speed, generally slow. The second and third rounds of cultivating nursery belts were successively widened, generally 12 to 14 cm, and the depth of cultivating was in turn deepened. The first pass of 12 to 14 centimeters, the second pass of 14 to 16 centimeters, and the third pass of 16 to 18 centimeters. The cultivating and fertilizing can use layered fertilization techniques. The fertilization rate is 45-60 kilograms per mu, and the depth of fertilization is generally 10-25 cm. The minimum horizontal vertical distance between the seed bed and the fat bed is more than 5 cm, and the cover is tightly compacted after sowing. Cultivators are generally tillers or rows of cultivators and cultivators.
(4) Mechanized prevention and control of corn diseases and weeds. The mechanized prevention and control technology of corn pests and weeds is a mechanized technology with the core content of spraying pesticides on motorized sprayers. At present, there are many types of plant protection equipment, which can be used according to the conditions of backpack-type motorized sprayers, power sprayers, boom-type sprayers, air-feed sprayers, agricultural aircraft, or unmanned plant protection machines. Acetochlor is sprayed on the buds before and after the sowing of the corn to control the weeds; on the early sowing stage, sprayed with monocrotophos and other systemic compounds such as monocrotophos are used to control the planthoppers and aphids to control the harm of virus diseases; In the middle and late stages of growth, pesticides such as Triadimefon and Leshiben are used to control diseases and pests such as corn leaf spot and corn borer.
(5) Harvest mechanization. The corn combine harvesting machines currently used more often have two kinds of picking head type and picking ear threshing type. The picking type sub-mounted corn combine harvester and the wheat combine harvester exchange two types of cutting table type, and can complete operations of picking ear, collecting ear, dumping, and returning straw to the field at the same time. The picking and threshing corn harvester is equipped with corn harvesting and threshing components on the basis of the wheat combine harvester to realize full feed and harvesting of corn, and one-time operations such as threshing, cleaning, assembly, dumping, and crushing of straw.
2, matters needing attention
(1) Agronomic and agricultural cooperation. At present, the development of mechanization of corn harvest in our province is slow, and there are reasons for product technology, manufacture, and use, but it is largely constrained by varieties and cultivation systems. Variety selection, planting density and row spacing should be matched with the selected machinery.
(2) Schedule harvest operation. The harvesting of maize should be carried out as soon as possible after the maturity of the grain for 3 to 5 days so that the grain of the corn is fuller, the moisture content of the ear is low, and the peeling operation is favorable. 10 to 15 days before harvest, deal with the degree of corn lodging, planting density and row spacing, the sag of the ear, the lowest spike height, etc. Do a field survey and work out a plan in advance; 3 to 5 days in advance, on the field Ditches and ridges in the river should be leveled, and signs should be installed on unobtrusive obstacles such as wells and poles to facilitate safe operation. Before the operation, trial harvesting, adjustment of the implements, and agronomic requirements should be made before putting into formal operations; Beforehand, properly adjust the gap between the pick-up rollers (or spike pans) to reduce grain breakage. During operation, pay attention to the fluency of the spikes in the process of lifting, so as to avoid jamming and plugging; observe the fullness of the ear box at any time and dump it in time. Ears, in order to avoid overflow or unloading jams occur; correct adjustment of straw returning machine operation height, to ensure that the remaining height of less than 10 cm, in order to avoid returning field tools hit the soil, damage; such as the installation of smashing machine, should ensure that In addition to the depth of soil penetration of the boring tool, the depth of the ridge is kept consistent to ensure the quality of the work.
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