In recent years, secondary flowering of fruit trees occurs more commonly in autumn, especially in pear orchards. In addition, peaches and plums and some citrus fruit trees also have secondary flowering in autumn, which seriously affects the next year. Fruit tree production, quality and economic benefits.
The reason why fruit trees bloom in autumn
In the fall, the fruit growers call it open flowers. The main reasons for opening flowers are as follows:
Variety problems: Different varieties have different adaptability to external environmental conditions. When summer and autumn are high temperature and drought, and there is no timely irrigation and drought resistance, the fruit tree's absorption of nitrogen nutrients is reduced, the growth potential is weakened, especially the vegetative growth is poor. At the same time, different fruit varieties have different stress responses to external drought. For fruit trees that are prone to stress, their plant growth centers begin to grow from vegetative to reproductive growth, and the possibility of flowering in the fall increases. In the case of pears, it was observed that Fengshui pear and Xinshiji are the most prone to fall flowering, while Cuiguan pear and Huanghua pears are relatively lighter.
Improper management: If the pruning is improper, the canopy structure is disordered, there are many stand-up branches, and the orchard is not neat. The canopy has poor ventilation and light transmission, and it is susceptible to pests and diseases. It often causes a large number of fallen leaves and leaves falling earlier. The reason is that the accumulation of photosynthetic products is low, and the storage of nutrients in the tree is reduced, resulting in poor flower bud differentiation, and some of them have entered into dormancy in advance, which in turn causes the second flowering in autumn. Some orchards replant chemical fertilizers, do not apply organic fertilizer or apply less, or do not apply fruit fertilizer, resulting in poor tree vigor, but also cause a large number of fallen leaves, and promote secondary flowering.
Pest and harm: Pears, peaches, plums and other types of orchard pests and diseases, such as black spot, black spot disease, ringworm disease, brown rot, rust, red spider, pear hibiscus, etc., prevention of loss of time or without control, often Lead to a large number of deciduous orchards in the orchard and enter dormancy early. When rainfall is high in the period from September to October and the climate is suitable, autumn flowering will occur.
Weather factors: In summer, if there is more precipitation, water will affect root growth and absorption of fruit trees and weaken the tree vigor. If it encounters high temperature and drought in the fall, it will easily cause a large number of deciduous and fruit trees to bloom again in the orchard.
Prevention
The fruit trees are flowering in the fall. The young fruit is immature due to the low humidity in the later period, and the flowers that were differentiated from flower buds during the period from June to August opened in September and October of the same year, affecting not only the next year's output, but also depleting the nutrients of the tree. Tree vigor is very unfavorable for wintering fruit trees. Therefore, measures must be taken to prevent it:
Choose good varieties: When selecting varieties, pay attention to varieties with strong adaptability, strong stress resistance, drought resistance, pest resistance, high yield, and market competitiveness.
Re-apply organic manure to enhance tree vigor: According to the growth characteristics of peach, pear and other fruit trees, grasp the flower bud differentiation period of fertilization, and the application of quick-acting nitrogen, with the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, in the growth and development of fruit trees combined growth needs to be timely Fertilize and spray foliar fertilizer. The best conditions to adhere to the best soil fertility, that is, 9 to 11 months to open a deep summer green manure, 3 to May ditch deep buried winter green manure, orchard soil fertility, training strong tree vigor.
Reasonable irrigation: to open a good drainage ditch in low-lying orchards, remove water in time when the summer rains are long, timely drought-resistant leaves in the drought, cover the tree plate, and timely spraying foliar fertilizer.
Do a good job of pest control: In the growing season, pest control of a key period, and timely spraying.
The second flower should be properly handled: the small number of flowers can be allowed to let nature, this situation occurs in the growing tree, a small amount of flowering in the fall, little effect. For excessive buds, it is necessary to take measures to control the governor. Otherwise, it will consume a lot of nutrients and weaken the tree vigor. It is not conducive to wintering, and it is also not conducive to raising the fruit-setting rate next year. For deciduous fruit trees such as peaches and pears, it is possible to remove flower buds or remove flower buds, and at the same time apply some available nitrogen fertilizers to suppress the growth of flower buds. In addition, due to prolonged drought, plant growth potential weakened, tree nutrient consumption is greater, and there is not much application of fertilizer, it is necessary to seize the favorable opportunity for high temperatures in early winter to apply some farmyard manure and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Do a good job in covering orchards against frost.
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