Bagging apple orchards should be picked in a timely manner in the fall, harvested at appropriate times, and post-harvest management should be strengthened to ensure that the orchards harvest bumper crops year after year.
I. Fruit removal bag
1. Watering. In addition to promoting fruit enlargement, watering before bag extraction has two functions. First, it reduces the incidence of sunburn after bags are removed, and another role is to change the microclimate conditions of the orchard, increase the temperature difference between day and night, create night dew, and facilitate fruit coloring ( You can also spray water throughout the park in the evening of the fruit coloring period). The watering time is 2 to 3 days before the bag is removed. Afterwards, it is watered timely depending on the weather conditions. The amount of water is not so large, so that the soil moisture content is maintained at about 60% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.
2. Bag removal time: Red Fuji apples are removed from the bag 30 days before picking, generally from late September to early October. It is best to choose the bag to take cloudy or cloudy weather to avoid daily burning of the bag after removing the bag. If the bag is removed at high temperature on a sunny day, the bag can be removed at 10 o'clock in the morning when the temperature of the surface is close to or slightly higher than the temperature of the atmosphere. It is not easy to remove bags in the morning or in the evening.
3. In addition to the bag fruit at the same time. The purpose of the padding is to prevent the foliage from wearing on the fruit surface after removal of the bag. You can use the removed waste bag to cover the surface of the fruit near the branch. The branches that are easy to pierce the fruit surface are removed before bag removal.
4. Pick leaves and transfer fruit. In addition to the fruit coloring of the bag rear view, fruit picking and fruit transfer were performed at appropriate times. Fuji apple coloring is mainly due to direct light and poor coloration under astigmatic conditions. Therefore, after removing the bag, the branches and leaves that affect fruit coloring should be promptly removed. When the leaves are picked, the negative side of the fruit is turned to the positive side and the whole red fruit is produced. Be careful when handling to avoid turning off the fruit. The total amount of leaves taken is controlled at 10% to 15%, and cannot exceed 20%. Leaf picking should be avoided at noon during the sun exposure to avoid the occurrence of sunburn. The time should be cloudy, or after 3 o'clock in the afternoon.
5. Foliar spraying fertilizer. After bagging Fuji apple, due to the high temperature inside the bag, the metabolism of calcium is strong, and the mobility of calcium in the tree body is small, compared with not bagging fruit, it is more likely to cause calcium deficiency, causing bitter pit disease. After the bag is in the near mature stage, it is once again the peak of calcium absorption. Therefore, the timely spraying of calcium fertilizer 2 to 3 times after bag removal can reduce the occurrence of bitter pit disease. A variety of amino acid calcium fertilizers are available. In addition, in order to promote the coloration of the fruit, in combination with calcium supplementation, 200 to 300 times more potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaves for 2 to 3 times.
6. Prevent disease and protect fruit. The red spot disease and rosy ring disease can infect the fruit after bag removal, causing red-brown lesions of 1 to 2 mm on the fruit surface, reducing the good fruit rate and affecting the selling price. The prevention and control method is to start spraying the whole tree 5 days after bag removal. Pharmaceutics should use powders or liquids that have therapeutic properties and do not stimulate the fruit surface, such as: 70% imported ketamine or domestically produced pure product ketamine 1000 times, or 80% carbendazim pure powder 1000 times.
Second, the fruit after harvest management
1. Immediately after picking fruit, make up the fat. After the fruit is picked, the leaves are sprayed on the whole garden immediately. 200-fold liquid urea and 200-fold liquid potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used. The two can be applied alternately or sprayed. Usually the fruit is picked. After spraying 2 to 3 times, interval 5 to 7 days.
2. Autumn base fertilizer. The time for the fruit trees to be fertilized in the fall is from mid-September to the time before the soil is frozen. The earlier the time, the better. Fuji apples are picked immediately after picking. Fertilizers include organic fertilizers and fast-acting fertilizers. Organic manure can be used for farmyard manure such as decomposed chicken manure, sheep manure, cow dung, and grass manure, and the fertilization amount of 667 m2 is not less than 3 m3. The ring groove or inter-row striped ditch can be used, and the depth is 20~ 30 cm. The quick-acting fertilizer is mainly composed of compound fertilizers, with various trace elements, and used in combination with organic fertilizers. The dosage should account for more than 60% of the annual fertilization amount, so that no fertilizer is applied in the spring of the following year.
3. Prevent pests and diseases. At this time, pest control and reduction of the number of overwintering pests and diseases will lay a good foundation for the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the coming year. In particular, apple amaranth, after the fruit is still a peak, is the key period of prevention and control, on the other hand, the old leaves of the strong resistance to drugs, the fruit has been picked, rarely phytotoxicity. In addition to spraying the whole apple garden, the prevention and control of apple amaranth was focused on the prevention and treatment of severe trees: After the mud was collected by large shears, kerfs, etc., the plastic film was wrapped and the insects were suffocated. Spraying drugs can be used as 1,500 times the solution of Lethburn or 1000 times the chlorpyrifos and so on. The apple ball is firmly in the beginning of October and returns from the leaves to the branches in winter. At this time, it is still a small nymph that does not secrete wax and can be controlled by general drugs such as imidacloprid, high-potatomethrin, and chlorpyrifos. Prevention and treatment of caterpillars are optional agents: high-performance hydropermethrin, matrine, chlorpyrifos and so on. There are 1.8% of avermectin, 15% of konjac and so on. Finally, the whole garden carefully cleaned up the branches and branches of diseases and insects, including scraping the rot and rot, cut off branch branches and rot rot, and dead branches damaged by fleas. These culprits were brought out of the orchard and burned. All cuts and kerfs are protected by drugs.
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