The “Feeding Bed Pig Raising Technology†is a new type of pig raising technology introduced from Japan and Korea in recent years. Due to its obvious advantages in environmental protection, zero emissions, improving the immunity of pigs and reducing the occurrence of pig diseases, it is called This is an environmentally friendly, safe and effective ecological pig raising law. However, as a new technology, it also encountered some problems in practical application. Not all users have achieved the intended purpose, and there are some controversies regarding the advantages and disadvantages of pig breeding in fermentation beds.
Fermentation technology for pig breeding
> Cheng Jingen, deputy director of the Animal Husbandry Division of the Ministry of Agriculture, believes that China's pig-breeding industry is undergoing a transition from the past free-breeding stage to the large-scale breeding stage. The problem of environmental pollution brought about by large-scale farming is very serious. The fermented bed pig raising method with the advantage of “no odor and no environmental pollution†just solved this problem. The Ministry of Agriculture is also working hard to prepare operating procedures including the design of pig houses, litter preparation, and feeding procedures. Based on the experiences of pilot projects in some provinces, the Ministry of Agriculture will promote this technology nationwide. At present, hundreds of farms in our province have adopted this technology and have been distributed in various cities. The Science and Technology Bureau of Tangshan and Xingtai has also listed this technology as a key demonstration and promotion technology project in 2009.
The advantages of pig breeding technology
1. Reduce the cost of breeding and increase the efficiency of raising pigs. Pigs in the fermentation bed do not need water to flush the pens, but only need to satisfy the pigs to drink water, so 85% to 90% of the water can be saved compared to the traditional intensive pigs; beneficial microorganisms in the litter can improve the intestinal environment of the pigs. Improve the feed conversion rate, save some of the feed; pig farm does not require excrement, keepers only ensure timely feeding, turning and mixing evenly concentrated excrement, according to the bed dry degree of humidity can be adjusted in time, so a normal labor batch Feeding can reach 800 fattening pigs, saving 50% of labor compared to intensive pig farms.
2. Reduce the incidence of diseases and improve the feeding environment. The beneficial bacteria in the fermentation bed can be quickly propagated to establish a dominant flora, which can inhibit and eliminate a variety of eggs and pathogens. At the same time, the pigs recovered the biological habits of arch food and sand bath. The moderate amount of exercise reduced the stress, and the bacterial proteins fermented in the litter increased the disease resistance and reduced the production of stiff pigs and Lai pigs. Or very few illnesses, especially respiratory diseases and digestive tract diseases, have fallen sharply from the traditional breeding mode. Through the three-dimensional system consisting of pigs, litter, and microorganisms, pig manure is eliminated, and the reproduction of pathogens is suppressed, the ecological cycle of the pig house is achieved, zero pollution emission and control of the occurrence and spread of the disease are achieved, and the antibiotic and antibacterial activity are greatly reduced. The use of drugs has important guiding significance for China's complex swine disease environment.
3. Improve pork quality. With the improvement of people’s living standards, people’s requirements for the quality of pork they consume are also increasing. The results of tests conducted by the Puni Test Center in Beijing indicated that the pigs in the fermentation bed were ruddy with a clear texture, and the slaughter rate and lean meat ratio were both increased by 2%-5%. The examination of tenderloin meat and hind leg meat, amino acid and other nutrient contents were performed separately. With an increase of 10%-15%, the quality of pork has been greatly improved. In some regions, the purchase price of fermented bed pork is a few cents higher than ordinary pork.
4. Environmental protection and zero emissions. The excrement in the fermentation bed is directly decomposed by the beneficial microorganisms in the litter, there is no odor, the ammonia content is significantly reduced, the housing does not need to be flushed, and no pollutants are discharged. It is very good that the litter is cleared after three years of use. Organic Fertilizer. In the aquaculture sector, pollutants were absorbed in advance, zero discharge of excrement was achieved, the pigsty became hygienic, and the working environment of people and pigs was greatly improved.
Analysis of problems in fermentation beds
1. Summer and winter seasonal issues.
Question: The temperature of the piggery in the summer fermentation bed is too high, which is not conducive to the growth and development of pigs.
Analysis and Suggestions: This type of problem mainly occurs in the piggery of the old pigsty, which is modified by the reform. Generally the windows cannot be enlarged. Good ventilation is one of the key factors for the successful application of the pig technology in the fermentation bed. Increase the ground window or mechanical forced ventilation to cool down.
Question: The humidity of the bed in the winter fermentation bed is too large.
Analysis of the reasons and recommendations: Due to the limited ventilation in the winter, the water vapor evaporated from the fermentation bed cannot be expelled outdoors in a timely manner. It turns out that installing unpowered users at the top has worked well in winter. In addition, from the aspect of construction and management, the windows can be opened into suspended windows in the middle of the room. Regular ventilation can also prevent the cold wind from blowing the pigs to cause stress.
2. Disinfection and epidemic prevention issues.
Question: The fermentation bed is not daring to disinfect.
Cause analysis and recommendations: Many pig farmers have been afraid to use conventional disinfectants to sterilize the fermentation bed, for fear of affecting the ability of microorganisms to cause deathbeds. On this issue, the Daxing District Animal Health Supervision Administration and Beijing Agricultural Vocational College specifically carried out relevant Experiment: After disinfecting with two kinds of chlorine dioxide and Witness disinfectant respectively, the number of bacteria in the 0 cm, -5 cm, and -15 cm fermentation beds will increase with the increase in the time after disinfection. Fall after the rise. The process of declining shows that the disinfectant acts to kill the bacteria. The ascending process shows that with the extension of the time after disinfecting, the function of the disinfectant decreases and the bacteria begin to recover. The number of bacteria in different sampling layers recovered to more than 70% at 48 hours after disinfection, and ordinary disinfection had little effect on the amount of bacteria in litter below 30 cm. In theory, the fermentation bed itself has a biological heat sterilization function (thereby having a "sterilization bed"). The temperature of about 50°C in the middle layer can kill most pathogenic bacteria and eggs, and the surface layer can be littered regularly. Turn into the middle layer for high temperature sterilization, so the surface of the bed generally does not need to be disinfected with chemicals.
Question: Fermented bed pigs cannot prevent disease and use antibiotics.
Cause analysis and suggestions: This is a misunderstanding. The fermentation bed is just a kind of welfare-oriented living environment for pigs. There is no change to the breeding methods. Normal immunization procedures are essential. There will be no effect. In pigs raised in the fermentation bed environment, antibiotics can be gradually replaced with probiotics; the effect of antibiotic accumulation in the feed on litter can be eliminated by adding certain beneficial bacteria to the feed.
3. The cost of litter.
Question: The prices of sawdust and rice husk in Hebei are high, and the cost of litter is very high.
Analysis of the reasons and recommendations: According to different regions, a variety of litter prices have a wide gap. The matting of the fermentation bed is not required to be the same, as long as you have a good grasp of the ratio of water retention and permeability of litter, different regions should fully consider the local regional resource advantages, such as sawdust, corncob around Shijiazhuang; Baoding, Hengshui area Peanut shells; mushroom rods in Chengde area; cotton stalks in Xingtai and Tatar areas; rice husks in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area; It should be specifically pointed out that corn stalks exposed to oxygen are prone to Aspergillus flavus. If it is to be used, it can be inserted into the bottom layer of the fermentation bed to no more than 30 cm in the case of 80 cm thick in the fermentation tank, and it should not be turned over in daily management. To 50 cm or less, to ensure that the straw anaerobic fermentation environment. In addition, some of the fermentation bed strains provide manufacturers with bio-organic fertilizer production and sales qualifications and channels, which can provide litter recovery business.
4. Routine maintenance workload.
Question: Maintenance work such as daily turning and evacuation is not saving labor.
Analysis of the reasons and recommendations: Users who use sawdust as a litter will have a hardened state after a certain period of use. It will be difficult to turn over, and it will need to be turned every day. Otherwise, the stool will not decompose properly. The proportion of litter must be controlled by the proportion of water-retentive raw materials (usually sawdust) and permeability raw materials (usually rice husk or peanut husk), which is generally 1:1 by weight. Full-use water-retaining dunnage will inevitably result in a hardened condition because the fineness is too small. Full use of the permeability dunnage will affect the useful life due to insufficient carbon source.
5. Useful life.
Problem: Some users' beds cannot be used normally for one year or even several months.
Analysis of the reasons and recommendations: According to theoretical calculations: the ideal number of days to use litter = [(25 - litter carbon-nitrogen ratio) litter total litter nitrogen rate] [(fecal urine carbon-nitrogen ratio -25) (daily manure feces Nitrogen rate + daily urinary urine nitrogen rate] In the case of sawdust and rice husk, the theoretical useful life is 4.06 years. Considering the influence of unpredictable factors, it is normal for the general fermentation bed to use 2-3 years. However, the useful life is affected by many factors, generally the following points can increase the useful life of the litter: (1) The litter must be completely fermented and decomposed before entering the pig, which is also a process of disinfecting the litter; Adding some micro-ecological Additives, which can not only eliminate bacteria from the excreta at any time, but also improve the immunity and feed conversion rate of the pig itself; 3 control the culture density according to the requirement of the fermentation bed to avoid overloading the bed; 4 Select a qualified fermentation bed strain; 5 feed material when the litter sinks more than 10 cm.
Successful application of three elements of fermentation bed technology
1. A reasonable building (renovation) is the basis. Reasonable construction planning can effectively prevent the waste of resources caused by improper design, such as empty columns and pending columns, and ensure maximum profit under limited investment. The construction of a proper fermentation bed pighouse can make litter fermentation with better decomposition effect and useful life. Longer, more convenient to maintain, to achieve the real purpose of cool winter and cool, cost-increasing purposes. The construction of a piggery in a fermented bed must be adapted to local conditions. It is not possible to copy and copy. Northeast China, North China, and South China have great differences in construction and management because of different climate and environment. The fermentation beds in Hebei Province are usually underground or semi-underground. The depth of the fermentation mattress materials is 60-80 cm for bred pigs, 40-50 cm for nursery pigs, and 80 cm for sows. The biggest investment in the farm is basic construction. The appropriate construction materials should be selected according to the scale of the farm, the planned breeding period, and the current raw material price. For example, if there are sufficient funds, land ownership, and plans to raise for more than 20 years, an optional brick and tile structure is available. At present, the cost per square meter in Hebei is between 150-200 yuan. If leased land is used for a short period of time, an activity board room (glass fiber reinforced plastic) can be used. The tile) structure costs between RMB 65-80 per square meter and can be used for 8-10 years.
2. Selecting the strain of high-quality fermentation bed with the official approval number of the Ministry of Agriculture is the key. The core of the fermentation bed technology is bacterial species. The ratio of strains, the effective viable biomass per unit weight, activity, and adaptability directly determine the use effect and the number of years of the fermentation bed. The selection of a quality strain with the official approval of the Ministry of Agriculture is a successful application of the fermentation bed technology. The important prerequisite.
3. Select the pre-and post-production service manufacturers that are in place. A complete set of fermentation bed project implementation process shall include seven parts: preliminary planning, construction (renovation) guidance, guidance preparation, provision of bacteria species, assistance in laying, daily maintenance training, and regular on-site maintenance. Perfect service mechanisms and regular after-sales maintenance are the guarantees for a successful, efficient and long-term use of the fermentation bed.
Additives mainly refer to various antibiotics, antioxidants, mold inhibitors, binders, colorants, flavouring agents, health care and metabolic regulation drugs, etc. are conducive to enhancing feeding effect, conducive to the production and storage of non-nutritive Feed Additives and their formulated products. It is mainly divided into food additives, feed additives, concrete additives, and oil additives.
Food additives refer to the chemical synthesis or natural substances added to food to improve the quality, color, aroma and taste of food, as well as the need for preservation and processing technology. Food additives are a term that refers to the chemical synthesis or natural substances added to food to improve the quality, color, aroma and taste of food, as well as the need for preservation and processing technology. Food additives are generally not food and may not have nutritional value, but they must conform to the above definition, that is, they do not affect the nutritional value of food, and can prevent food spoilage, enhance food sensory properties or improve food quality.
Feed additives, also known as feed additives, refer to the general term of additives manually added to formula feed in order to make up for the shortcomings of formula feed and some special needs. The functions of additives include: 1) insufficient nutrients in feed; 2) preventing deterioration of feed quality; 3) improving palatability of feed and utilization rate of feed; 4) enhancing disease resistance of feeding animals, promoting normal development and accelerating growth and production of feeding animals; and 5) increasing the output and quality of feeding animal products. The dosage of these special substances is very small, generally according to a few percent of the formula feed to several parts per million (mg/kg), but the effect is very significant. According to some data at home and abroad, it is considered that the average efficiency can be increased by 5%-7%, sometimes up to 10%-15%.
Additives
Glycyrrhizinic Acid,Methyl Maltol,Food Additive,Natural Methyl Cyclopentenolone
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