Recently, readers from Dengzhou City, Xihua County, and Huaxian County—Mr. Liu, Mr. Yang, and Mr. Lin respectively—called the newspaper’s 110 hotline to ask about spinach anthracnose. In response, the reporter reached out to experts from the newspaper’s advisory group for detailed insights. The experts explained that spinach anthracnose is a serious disease affecting spinach crops, posing a significant threat to their growth and yield.
First, Understanding the Symptoms
Spinach anthracnose primarily affects the leaves and stems of the plant. When the leaves are infected, small pale yellow spots appear first. These spots gradually expand into oval or irregularly shaped lesions, turning yellow-brown with a distinct ring pattern. The edges often look water-soaked, while the center contains small black dots. During dry weather, the lesions may become dry, brittle, and even develop holes. In severe cases, the lesions merge, causing the entire leaf to turn yellow and eventually die.
Infected stems show symptoms as well. Lesions appear as spindle-shaped or elongated spots. As the infection progresses, the affected tissue dries and rots, leading to the upper parts of the plant drooping. Dark, round spots form on the surface, which are actually clusters of bacterial spores known as conidia.
Second, Prevention and Control Measures
(1) Seed Selection and Treatment: It's essential to use seeds from healthy plants. Before planting, soak the seeds in warm water at 52°C for 20 minutes, then quickly transfer them to cold water. After drying, the seeds can be sown. This helps reduce the risk of infection from the start.
(2) Crop Rotation: To minimize the buildup of pathogens in the soil, it's recommended to rotate spinach with other vegetables for 2–3 years. This practice breaks the disease cycle and improves overall field health.
(3) Good Cultivation Practices: Proper spacing, adequate organic fertilizer, and balanced irrigation help maintain strong, healthy plants. Reducing humidity in the field is crucial, as wet conditions favor disease development. Healthy plants are more resistant to infections.
(4) Field Cleanliness: After harvest, remove all diseased plant debris and dispose of it by deep burial or burning. This prevents the spread of the pathogen to new crops. Tilling the soil deeply also accelerates the decomposition of infected material.
(5) Chemical Control: Early detection and timely application of fungicides are key. Spraying should be done 2–3 times with an interval of 7–10 days. Recommended chemical treatments include: 80% San Desheng WP diluted at 600–800 times (150–180 grams per mu), 70% Thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 1000 times (100 grams per mu), 75% Bacterial WP at 600 times (165 grams per mu), 70% Mancozeb WP at 600 times (165 grams per mu), 50% Carbendazim WP at 800 times (125 grams per mu), and 64% Anti-virus WP at 500 times (200 grams per mu). Always follow the manufacturer's instructions for safe and effective use.
By combining these strategies, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of spinach anthracnose and protect their crops from this destructive disease.
Indoor Hydroponics Grow Kit
hydroponics system-nutrient technique (NFT)
NFT does not give average support to roots. Typically, the roots sit in a long sloping channel irrigation (Fig. 1.1). The nutrient is introduced into the high class of the canal and allowed to flow over the roots after which it drains into the nutrient tank. This is then re-pumped back into the channel to repeat the watering process.
This feed cycle can be intermittent or continuous. An & lsquo; The intermittent 'rss cycle is controlled by the clock and repeated several times per hour. this is sometimes called the "NFT pulse". The NFT pulse usually achieves better aeration of the roots as the roots are exposed to air between each feed. A & lsquo; continuous' rss cycle works non-stop. This is often used in commercial operations.
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