Pharmacological use
1. Rats with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg of bark of horse chestnuts, which had inhibitory effects on guminess, dextran, 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine-induced arthritis. The intensity of inhibition was 35,28 respectively. ,20,8%. It has also been reported that bark of horse chestnut also has an inhibitory effect on formaldehyde-induced arthritis, but it is weaker than that of colloidal gum, but the inhibition of dextran-induced arthritis is not obvious. Horse chestnut bark also inhibited carrageenan arthritis at high doses. Horse chestnut bark can inhibit the formation of granuloma in rats (cotton ball method). It also inhibits the erythema caused by ultraviolet radiation on the back of guinea pigs. The effect of bark of horse chestnut is more significant than that of bark of horse chestnut. All have a significant inhibitory effect on the histamine-induced capillary permeability (does not work with Bradykinin), and the chestnut bark has a weak analgesic effect (mice hot plate method), such as morphine The efficacy of subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg was taken as 100%, and the titer of 10 mg/kg orally of bark of horse chestnut was 14.8%.
2. The effect of urine output and uric acid excretion was reported in the early years with the diuretic effect of Qinpi psoriasis, which can promote the excretion of uric acid in rabbits and rheumatic patients. In the experiments of rats and rabbits, bark of horse chestnut can increase the excretion of uric acid by various administration routes. After intravenously injecting horse chestnut bark on rabbits, the amount of urine increased within the first half hour. After that, the concentration of uric acid in the blood increased. After half an hour, the urine volume gradually decreased, while the excretion of uric acid in the urine continued to increase. The increase in urine volume refers only to short-term administration (which may be due to decreased renal tubular reabsorption). After 3-4 hours of administration, urine volume was only 1/2 of that before administration. The role of uric acid excretion enhancement principle, according to the analysis, excited the sympathetic nervous system; and horse chestnut bark pupa also has a direct effect on the kidneys, that is inhibited by the reabsorption of uric acid. The increase in blood uric acid concentration is the result of an increase in uric acid production in the liver. It has also been reported that the bark of the horse chestnut has no diuretic effect on normal rats but has a significant diuretic effect on mice.
3. Other effects The effects of bark pods on other organs are generally not significant. No effect on blood pressure, respiration, or bowel in rabbits. There was no effect on isolated guinea pigs isolated small intestine, uterus, bladder, gallbladder and isolated frog heart, and rabbit uterus, rabbit ear vascular, and iliac limb blood vessels; nor did it affect blood flow of rabbit carotid artery and femoral artery. Horse chestnuts have a slight pressure-raising effect on rabbits, but also can inhibit isolated heart and isolated rabbit intestine, and mildly contract the blood vessels of lower limbs. The excitability of isolated gastrocnemius muscle is also slightly reduced. Qinpi Decoction also has certain antibacterial and chronic bronchitis effects. The chemical structure of the bark of the chestnut is similar to that of dicoumarin, so it has some anti-hemagglutination action, and its 4% solution can absorb ultraviolet rays, so it can protect the skin from the damage of sunlight.
4. Antitussive, expectorant and anti-asthmatic effects of intraperitoneal injection of apigenin suspension and horse chestnut bark aqueous solution, the ammonia spraying cough induced mice have a significant antitussive effect; cortex apigenin and horse chestnut bark Obvious ripple effect. Experiments show that: Ascorbicin has obvious antiasthmatic effect on guinea pigs; it has relaxing tracheal smooth muscle and antihistamine effect on isolated trachea in guinea pigs.
5. The effect on the cardiovascular system Ascorbicin has an inhibitory effect on the isolated heart, while the horse chestnut bark makes the heart slightly excitable. Aesculin and horse chestnut bark to intravenous injection of anesthetized cats and rabbits, can make a slight increase in blood pressure, no significant effect on breathing when the pressure. Aescin has no obvious effect on isolated rabbit ear perfusion, but it has vasoconstriction effect on the vascular perfusion of the lower limbs. It has been reported that aesculin has a protective effect on anaphylactic release of vasoconstriction caused by leukotrienes (LTS).
6. The experiment of anti-pathogenic microorganisms showed that Qinpi Decoction had inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella dysenteriae. The antibacterial effect of the bitter buckwheat bark was the strongest, and the antibacterial activity was similar to that of the berberine. 2. Horse chestnut bark has inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Catascus, Streptococcus and Neisseria. Horse chestnuts can also inhibit Streptococcus and Neisseria.
Qinpi also has a certain inhibitory effect on the virus, such as anti-influenza virus, herpes virus and so on.
7. Effects on urine output and uric acid excretion Qinpi glycosides have a diuretic effect and can promote uric acid excretion in rabbits and rheumatic patients. Rats, rabbits phenol red excretion test showed that: horse chestnut bark and bark of horse chestnut are promoted the role of uric acid excretion, this effect may be excited by the sympathetic nervous system and the direct effect on the kidney, that inhibits the renal tubules Caused by the reabsorption of uric acid.
8. Other effects of aesculin have inhibitory effects on rat liver microsomal peroxidation. Apicortidine (1:2500) inhibited isolated rabbit ileum and rat uterus in vitro, showing reduced contraction amplitude, prolonged relaxation period, and reduced frequency. The effect of Aesculus hippocastanum on smooth muscle is not obvious.
Pharmacokinetics
Millet bark is absorbed in the upper part of the small intestine after oral administration and is not absorbed in the stomach and large intestine; it can appear in the gallbladder and urine after injection.
Adrenals, testes, and kidneys appear very early, but also in the brain. Rats were orally or intravenously injected, both in the urine and in the stool, and were mainly in their original form. The guinea pigs were mainly destroyed in vivo. Aescin is absorbed in the upper part of the small intestine after oral administration and is not absorbed in the stomach and large intestine. After intravenous injection of 3H-Aescin into guinea pigs, it was found to be high in the adrenal gland, kidney, and testis, especially in the kidney. After intravenous injection in rats, the mitochondria of the renal medulla had the highest content at 4 hours after administration, followed by nuclei and microsomes. Can also appear in the gallbladder and brain. Whether orally or intravenously, it is excreted in urine and feces. Guinea pigs are mainly destroyed in the body.
Clinical application
1. Treatment of bacterial dysentery:
Qinpi Decoction: Each 40ml contains 6 raw drugs, and 50 children with bacillary dysentery are treated. 8-10ml, 1-3 years old, under 1 year old
10ml, 3 years old and above 15ml, 4 times orally. The average time for normal body temperature recovery was 1.9 days; the average number of stools returned to normal was 8.1 days; 21 stools were negative after the third day of culture. There were 5 cases of vomiting after taking the medicine.
Cortisol: The doses used by each family are different. Some people take oral dose of 50mg daily to make a mixture, regardless of age, divided into 4 times. Treatment of 66 patients (30 adults and 36 children) had a positive effect, but the effect was poor compared with those in the control group who used methamphetamine and tetracycline. Some people take 50-100mg/kg/day, divided into 2-3 doses, treatment for 5-6 days, and according to the needs of the disease, with a variety of symptomatic treatment, treatment of 77 cases, the effective rate of 71%. Some patients were treated with apigenin at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day in 67 cases, 41 cases were cured, 11 cases progressed, and 15 cases were ineffective.
2. Treatment of chronic bronchitis: Take a 1:1 concentration spray of buckwheat ash tree bark and spray it into an aerosol chamber with an aerosol generator. Each inhalation takes 30 minutes, once a day, 2 ml each time; or Ingredient extract (each containing 0.3g), 3 times a day, 2 tablets each time. All 10 days for a course of treatment. 530 patients were treated, including 422 patients in the aerosol group. After two courses of treatment, 86 patients (20.3%) were in immediate control, and 140 (33.2%) were markedly effective. The other 58 patients in the aerosol group received 24 courses of control in five cycles. 23 cases were markedly effective; 50 cases were taken in the oral group, 3 cases were controlled, and 29 cases were markedly effective. Some patients with cough, asthma, and phlegm were effective on the first day of the medication, and the aerosol group was effective within 3 days of treatment. About 60%. The control of wheezing symptoms and wheezing is particularly evident.
3. Hot and humid diarrhea, bring it down. The quality of bitter cold and the astringent, the function of heat and dampness, astringent only Zhiqi, Zhidai, it can be used to cure dampness and heat diarrhea, tenesmus, often with Pulsatilla, Coptis, Phellodendron and other medicinal, such as Pulsatilla Decoction ("Treatise on") If the rule of hot and humid betting with, can be used with moutan, angelica, such as "Ben Cao Yan Yan" side.
4. Liver fever red eyes and swelling, eyes decidua. In the heat of the product, it can diarrhea liver and eyes, retreat eyesight, with governance liver fire caused by red eyes and throat swelling, eyes decidua, can be used alone Jianshui wash eyes; or with wolfberry fruit, light bamboo leaves decoction, Such as Qinpi soup ("Taiwan secret want to"). If used with Qin Qi, wind protection, etc., can cure the liver and wind by the wind, the eyes of red students, such as Qinpi Tang ("Ophthalmology Long wooden theory")
Chinese medicine inherits practical selection
1. Severe heat treatment: 100 grams of Pulsatilla, Cork, 150 grams, 150 grams of Coptis, 150 grams of Qin skin. On the four flavors, use seven liters of water, boil for two, and simmer, and warm one liter. Unsound, more service one liter. ("Treatise" Pulsatilla Soup)
2. Treatment of Chronic Bacterial Dysentery: 20 grams of Qin skin, 15 grams of raw earthworms and 15 grams of fur. Shuijianbi. ("Handbook of Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine"),
3. Treatment of diarrhea: Qin skin 15 grams. Fry to add sugar, sub-service. ("Heilongjiang commonly used Chinese herbal medicine manual")
4. Treatment of red eyes and sores on the eyes: Qin skin 50 grams. In a white porcelain bowl immersed in clear water, it was immersed in a white porcelain bowl for a long time in the spring and summer. It looked like Bise came out, that is, licking with a hoe and dripping with a bit of juice. In the eyes of a supine point, it was still full of eyes from the big urn. Micro-painless fear, the amount of time for three or five degrees of rice, that is, the side of Lek hot juice, more than ten degrees a day, but two days. Taboo, radish. ("Nearly effective")
5. Rule sty, dry stool: 15 grams of Qin skin, rhubarb 10 grams. Shuijianbi. Pregnant women are not allowed. ("Handbook of Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine")
6. The woman was treated with Chibai vaginal discharge, and her blood was collapsed: 150 grams of Qin skin, 100 grams of Danpi, and 50 grams of Angelica. All wine washed, fried research is not, refining honey for the pill indica large. Every morning service five money, under the white soup. ("Materia Medica")
7. Treatment of children with convulsions fever and change evaporation heat: Qinpi, wolfberry each 5 grams, 2.5 grams of licorice, radix root. Shuijianbi. ("Pediatric summary")
8. Treatment of psoriasis: bitter bast 50 to 100 grams. Add half a basin to decoction, decoction wash the affected area, wash once a day or every two to three days. After the liquid is warm, it can still be used. It can be washed three times each time. Wash until healing. ("Full Exhibition Selected Skin Diseases")
9. Treatment of acute hepatitis: Qin skin 9 grams capillaris, dandelion 30 grams each cork 9 grams of rhubarb 9 grams. Shuijianbi. ("Shanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine")
10. Treatment of typhoid fever poisonous gas into the eyes of the red vein, red membrane, white skin, white diarrhea, and redness of the pain can not see light pain poison trouble: Qinpi, Cimicifuga, Coptis each 50 grams. Use four liters of water to boil two liters of cold soup. Avoid pork, cold water. ("Wai Tai" cited Zhang Wenzhong Qin Pi Tang)
11. Treatment of liver, wind, wind, heat, red eyes, dark eyes, pain, difficulty, persistence, longevity and longevity: Qinpi (to rough skin), Phellodendron (to rough skin), Coptis (to be whisker), licorice (animal use), galling decile. Father of the mouth each with a tablespoon of water, a bowl of sugar into a marble, Datong fry eight minutes of cotton filter so that the net heat wash to cold feel mouth bitter for the degree of drug cooling and then warm again wash [1]. ("Young's House Tibetan" Guangming San)
Literature review
1. "Outline": Qinpi, cure eye disease, convulsions, take its flat wood also, rule under the collapse of the belt, take its astringent also. Can cure men less refined, take its astringent and make up. This medicine is suitable for scaring, squeaking, disintegrating, and ignoring people, and people only know about their governance. 2, "Materia Medica speech": Qin skin, bitter and astringent, can converge to escape the essence of gas. Therefore, Zhongjing uses Pulsatilla sinensis to cure the decomposing heat and make it profitable. "Don't record," only the men's fine virtual, women's collapse belt; Qi's side rule children with frightened body heat, and liver heat head dark, red eyes swollen, wind tears and other diseases; all edge of liver and gallbladder fire Yuqi scattered In order to cure the disease, the chilled and clear blue matter is reduced, so that the gas is clearly separated and the gas is converged. So governing ophthalmology, untied aponeurosis, tears out; governance of women's department, set five collapse, tourniquet; rule of genealogy, stop imaginary, convergence nocturnal emission; governance pediatrics, security panic, degeneration of evaporative fever.
3. "Huainanzi" Yun: The color of the Qin skin is blue, and the order of drugs is also to cure the disease. Another "million and then surgery" cloud: Qinpi water, that it can tears. High inducement to cause water, words can make water boil, and also.
4. "Shen Nong's Materia Medica": "In addition to heat, the head of the white barley film."
5. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Chang Pi, the color Qinghan cold, bitter astringent, but it is the yin and liver, Shaoyang gall medicine also. Therefore, treatment of eye disease, epilepsy, take its flat wood also; governance diarrhea, collapse belt It can also be used to treat men who have fewer acupunctures and who have good abilities.
Medication taboo
Spleen and stomach Deficiency Jifu. "Benefic on the original": stomach deficiency eaters disabled.
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