In recent years, the hybrid oil sunflower has been widely promoted in our province with many advantages such as labor saving, labor saving, strong adaptability, high oil yield, good commercial property, and high economic benefit. At present, hybrid oil sunflower has become an important oil crop. Below, introduce the main points of high-yield cultivation techniques for sunflower seeds for reference by growers.
First, select spring varieties of good varieties should be used early maturity, short straw, high yield, stable production varieties, such as dwarf big head 567DW, dwarf morning light and other hybrids.
Second, soil preparation Fertilizer sunflower roots developed, the ability to absorb nutrients strong, in order to achieve high yields, we must use enough base fertilizer. General Mushi rotted farmyard fertilizer 5000 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ternary compound fertilizer 30 kg, even after the deep cast.
Third, timely timely sowing oil sunflower is highly resistant, short growth period, should be suitable for early sowing in production, flowering season can avoid high temperatures and rainy seasons, improve the rate of self-pollination, reducing the shell rate. It is generally sown within 15 days after mid-March. In general, the method of seed sowing is generally used. Two seeds per hole are arranged with a spacing of 50 cm, a spacing of 30 to 40 cm, a depth of 3 cm, and an acre density of about 3,800.
Fourth, field management Oil sunflower seedlings promptly after the emergence of seedlings, in the presence of 2 to 3 true leaves, combined with cultivator weeding Dingmiao. Early low temperatures, seedling growth is slow, should be cultivating 2 to 3 times, in order to increase the temperature, promote the root bar, enhance drought resistance. When entering the budding period, it is also the peak demand period for sunflowers, and this period should ensure sufficient supply of water. When the formation of the disk, often keep the soil moist, flood irrigation should not be flooded, in case of heavy rain, it should be timely drainage. Mu combined with watering urea 10 kg, potassium fertilizer at the end of the shortage, Mushi potassium sulfate 10 kg. After entering the grain filling stage, potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer can be sprayed to increase grain weight and seed setting rate.
V. Pest control The main underground pests during the seedling stage are ground tigers, earthworms, cockroaches, etc., and 50% of phoxim or chlorpyrifos may be sprayed on the surface of 1000 times liquid. The main pests in the seeding stage include cotton bollworm, Spodoptera litura, corn borer, beetle, and wasp, which can be controlled by high-efficiency cypermethrin pesticides. It is forbidden to use pesticides at flowering time, so as to avoid killing the bees and causing adverse effects of pollination on the rate of seed setting. You can use artificial methods to catch insects and use scorpions to eliminate pests.
Six, timely harvest early spring oil sunflower is generally harvested from the end of June to early July is appropriate. Harvesting premature kernels is not full, and the maturity is low, which seriously affects the yield and quality. If the harvest is too late, it will easily cause the grain to fall off, which will lead to a reduction in production. At the same time, it will be vulnerable to rain when it enters the rainy season and is not conducive to the normal drying of sunflower seeds. The standard for harvesting was the yellowing of the back of the sunflower dish, the browning of the stalks, the yellowing of the stalks, the hardening of the grains, and the selection of fine weather for timely drying after harvest.
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