The incidence of eggplant Verticillium wilt in general years is 40%-50%. In severe years, the incidence rate is more than 70%. Even in the worst harvest season, the farmer small vegetable garden is even more serious. Eggplant verticillium wilt disease mostly occurs after the fruit is set in the eggplant, and the diseased plant grows sharply in the fruit period. At the early stage of disease, the middle and lower leaves of the plant chlorosis or chlorosis on the middle and lower leaves, and gradually develop upwards, so that half of the branches and leaves become yellow and dead, and the fruit is not rigid. Therefore, it is also called half crazy. Peeling the roots and stems of the cortex reveals that the vascular bundle has turned brown and is also known as black heart disease. The severity of eggplant Verticillum wilt is closely related to pathogenic factors, climatic factors, and cultivation factors.
Cultivation measures (1) Rotation is carried out. The five-year rotation of the Solanaceae crop is best not to be adjacent to the Solanaceae crop. Chopped eggplant and daejeon planted eggplant. (2) Scientific fertilization. Mu Shi farmyard manure 3-4 cubic meters, 15-20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, urea 10 kilograms, potash 10-15 kilograms, avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer, avoid raw manure, so as not to burn roots. (3) Proper close planting. The planting of the densely planted plants was early ridged and the roots were reduced. Planting density of 60 cm 30 cm is appropriate. (4) Improve the quality of colonization. When eggplant is planted, it is necessary to adhere to the “Four Noesâ€: in the 10 cm ground temperature stable at 15 °C or more, choose sunny and warm weather to plant, do not colonize as early as possible; use nutrition to protect the seedlings, so that the planting does not hurt the root; As well. No seedlings are planted under the hot sun at midday. It is advisable to plant the seedlings to bury the earthworms. When planting seedlings should be covered with plastic film, it is best to add a small arch shed, so that double film coverage. (5) Carefully managing water and fertilizer. In the early stage of eggplant growth, the ground temperature is low, watering as little as possible, and watering on cold days is not possible, so as to avoid the outbreak of Verticillium wilt. From mid-July to mid-September, during the high-temperature season, it is necessary to dilute the ground water, keep the ground moist, reduce the laceration of roots, and control the disease. In the bud, bud stage, fruit period, and fruit enlargement period, each fruit is sprayed with Zhuanglingling until it stops flowering, and the flowers and fruits can be doubled and the disease resistance can be enhanced.
Chemical control (1) Before the onset of the disease or at the early stage of disease, the base of the stem was watered, and 150-200 g of liquid was applied to each of the plants, irrigation was conducted 5-7 days, and irrigation was performed twice. (2) 25 grams of copper sulfate, add 15 kg of water to wet the whole plant. Use one of the above mixture to irrigate or spray at the early stage of disease, spray once every 5-7 days, and spray 2-3 times. General medication 2-3 days to control the condition, 5-6 days diseased plants quickly recovered. Such as adding new high fat film and insecticide in the above mixture, better control effect. At the same time, prevention and treatment of diseases such as brown-spot disease and M. blight.
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