The diseases of Magnolia officinalis are leaf blight, root rot, blight and coal pollution; the pests are brown cattle, and care should be taken to prevent them.
1, Hou Bumble
Blight pathogens are non-invasive and invasive. Non-invasive disease is mainly caused by pond water, soil compaction, overburden, and exposure to the sun. It causes the buds to rot and the roots to suffocate or rot. Infectious disease is mainly caused by germs. The pathogenic bacteria lived in the soil in winter and began to move after being frozen in the early spring. When the soil temperature and humidity were suitable, they infested the seedlings. On the other hand, the diseased seedlings provided nutrients for the germs to reproduce in large numbers. Early onset of frost, heavy soil, poor drainage of nursery sites or continuous raining within 2 months after emergence of seedlings, soil moisture content is too high or soil temperature is too heavy when the incidence of weight. In addition, the former species of cotton, peanut, tomato, soybean, melon garden or old nursery site is easy to become sick; use of compost without compost, manure, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, improper treatment or adoption of seeds Shading and nursery measures are also easy to cause disease. There are four types of blight symptoms: the first rot type, which occurs mainly when the seedlings are not yet unearthed, and the seeds or young shoots are rotted; the second shoot rot type occurs when the shoot tips are rotted after the seedlings are unearthed. Death; The third type of triploid, occurs about 1 month after the seedlings are unearthed, rots to the base of the seedling stem close to the ground and turns brown, causing the seedlings to fall; the fourth type of root rot, the roots of the seedlings are rotted at the onset, branches Stem dark stripes, and then the whole plant withered. Blight usually occurs in the seedling stage and occurs mostly in the rainy season. Seedlings spread rapidly after onset, often resulting in death.
The prevention and control methods are mainly to improve the seedling raising techniques and put the "three levels", namely "the soil level, the seed level, and the water and fertilizer level".
"Soil off" is to choose a nursery, do not use too wet to nursery, nursery should be set up a good drainage system to prevent accumulation of water, and do a good job of soil disinfection nursery. Disinfect the soil, spray per square meter can be 1% to 3% sulfuric acid 4.5 kg of iron spray or apply 11 grams to 15 grams of ferrous sulfate powder after the earth; can also be used formalin 50 ml water 6 kg ~ 12 kg watering After the pouring, cover it with a straw bag for 10 days.
"Seeds off" means that seeding should be conducted in a timely manner and in an appropriate amount based on the work of seed selection, seed disinfection and germination.
“Water and fertilizer clearance†means that reasonable irrigation and fertilization work should be done during the growth of seedlings to prevent droughts and floods from occurring, and to encourage seedlings to grow robustly.
In the prevention and treatment of diseases can be used chemical prevention, commonly used 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture (ie, 1 part copper sulfate, 1 part lime, plus 100 parts water formulated), 112 grams per square meter with liquid, in the seedlings After unearthing, spraying once every 10 days or so for 4 to 5 times in succession, the prevention and control of the blight is significant. Chemical control is an important prevention and control measure, but it must not replace a series of technical measures to cultivate strong seedlings. After the diseased plant is found, the diseased plant should be immediately removed and burned. At the same time, the soil with pathogenic bacteria should be excavated and backfilled with new soil. Apply 1.5 g of 75% pentachloronitrobenzene soil 37.5 g/m2 to the ground of the bacteria or disinfect the lime to prevent spread. At the same time, more potassium fertilizers such as grass ash should be used to enhance the disease resistance of seedlings. Use 50% thiophanate 1000-1500 times or 50% carbendazim 1000-1500 times to irrigate the roots of the diseased plants; formalin can also be used for soil disinfection; also available is 2% to 3% sulphuric acid The iron (green bark) liquid was sprayed. After 10 minutes to 30 minutes, the water was sprayed again. The liquid on the leaves was washed off to avoid phytotoxicity.
2, Magnolia leaf blight
The arable land is too shallow, the roots of the seedlings and trees are poorly developed, the soil is poor and water is kept, the fertility is poor, the base fertilizer is insufficient, the weather is dry and the seedlings and forests are overly dense, and environmental conditions that are not conducive to the growth and development of the seedlings can lead to the decoction. The occurrence of the disease. In the early stage of disease, the leaf disease was dark brown and round. After 0.2 cm to 0.5 cm in diameter, it gradually enlarged and covered the entire leaf and caused the leaves to die. The bacteria passed the winter in the soil and spread by wind and rain in the following year. The disease usually begins in July, and is onset from August to September. After October, the disease gradually stops spreading. High temperature and high humidity are most conducive to the infection of pathogens.
Disease prevention and control should focus on improving environmental conditions and adopt appropriate nursery measures to promote vigorous growth of seedlings and enhance their resistance to disease; supplemented with chemical agents to prevent or suppress the occurrence of diseases. Specific measures include removing diseased leaves in winter, concentrating on burning or burial to reduce the source of pathogens; removing diseased leaves in time after onset; spraying once every 7 days to 10 days 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 50% withholding 800 Double fluid, continuous spraying 2 to 3 times and so on.
3, Hou Pu seedling root rot
Time of onset: Root rot of seedlings is a major hazard to the seedling stage. The pathogenic bacteria are Fusarium oxysporum. The disease begins in late June and the disease onsets from July to August.
Prevention and control measures: mainly selected nursery land, well-drained, low groundwater level, and sunny planting, followed by intensive cultivation, before using the seedbed, using enemy katsuhatsu powder per hectare, mixing appropriate amount of fine soil, and evenly spreading into the topsoil In the layer, the soil was disinfected, and finally the management was strengthened. The diseased plants were found to be immediately concentrated and burned. According to the disease condition, 65% of the enemy was sprayed with Dixone and the yellow earth soil and sprinkled in the rhizome of the seedlings. The 50% carbendazim was injected 500 times into the disease. The roots near the seedlings can control the spread of disease.
4ã€Haopu Coal Pollution
Onset time: Caused by an ascomycete in the fungus. Occurred in the poorly ventilated shady slope woodland below 300 meters above sea level. The average temperature of the day was 13 (10 to 22), and there was a fog, and the pollution of the Magnolia coal contamination quickly spread. It is one of the most important diseases in Honbu-Rin. It occurs in each of the Magnolia production areas. At the time of onset, there is a layer of soot-like substance on the trunk and leaves of Magnolia officinalis. The leaves fall off and the growth is weakened.
Prevention and control measures: The main combination of forest management measures and pest and disease prevention and control is to prevent and control M. vulgaris and Japanese pot chain worms, control the origin of insects that cause coal pollution, and secondly, control the density of forests and make woodland ventilated and breathable. During the occurrence period, a 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture is sprayed and sprayed once every 10 to 14 days. Continuous 2 or 3 times.
5. Magnolia Brown Longhorn
Larvae harm plant stems
Control methods: During the prosperous period of adulthood (May-July), scrape eggs and newly hatched larvae at the crack; after the larvae enter the xylem, see fresh boring holes on the trunk, that is, kill with steel wire; or use cotton wool 80% of the original solution of dichlorvos was stuffed into the borehole and sealed with mud to poison the larvae.
Products collected from living horses include mare's milk, used by people with large horse herds, such as the Mongols, who let it ferment to produce kumis. Horse blood was once used as food by the Mongols and other nomadic tribes, who found it a convenient source of nutrition when traveling. Drinking their own horses' blood allowed the Mongols to ride for extended periods of time without stopping to eat.The drug Premarin is a mixture of estrogens extracted from the urine of pregnant mares (pregnant mares' urine), and was previously a widely used drug for hormone replacement therapy.The tail hair of horses can be used for making bows for string instruments such as the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. They are also used
for shaving and cosmetics products. Tetanus vaccines are still made from
the blood of immunized horses.
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