The use of peas, canola, barley and other early crops to grow sesame seeds has a certain area in our district, which is a major advantage in sesame production. However, in management, a set of management methods for summer sesame seeds are still being used, so that the potential advantages of early oyster sesame seeds cannot be fully utilized and the output is not very satisfactory. In order to give full play to its potential for yield increase, in 1999, under the guidance of the Sesame Research Center of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, we conducted a research on cultivation techniques of super high yield sesame in early-season pods in 10 acres of canola fields contracted by Zhao Jinzhu in Fangpo Village, Heilongji Township. In the whole growing period of sesame, the problems of drought, uneven seedlings, etc. were encountered. As a result of the contingency measures, the yield per mu still reached 154.3 kg. Our specific approach is:
First, choose high-quality, strong growth potential varieties
The selection of good varieties is the basis for the high yield of sesame in early indica rice. The selection of varieties should pay attention to plant height, strong growth potential, fast and fast growth, strong drought tolerance, good resistance to disease, good resistance to disease and hybrid Yuzhi 9 .
Second, before the broadcast operation
After the harvest, timely soil preparation should be performed. The application of calcium phosphate 75kg, potassium sulphate 30-40kg, urea 20-25kg, silicon 30-40kg, boron, zinc, manganese each lkg. In order to prevent and control underground pests, 5% phorate granules 1.5kg or 10% phosphine granules 800g are used for land preparation, and 15-20kg of dry soil is fined. After plowing at the surface, plows are plowed and plowed. On the acre evacuation lime 20-25kg or copper sulfate 3-4kg, then smashing 3-5 times, to achieve the upper Xuanxia after the field from the pimple, the main pimple height 80cm, ditch depth 2lcm or so, and use small pebbles to suppress.
Third, timely sowing
According to the principle of "Spring sesame sowing late, summer sesame sowing early, moderate early sesame sowing should be moderate" and the production practices of planting over the years, early sowing sesame suitable sowing date selection on May 10-15, premature seedlings difficulty Low ground temperature, slow growth, prone to pests and diseases, but not too late to achieve the purpose of early death.
Fourth, sowing method and cover film
After the sowing date is determined, the sesame seeds are first soaked in warm water at 50°C for 10 minutes, continuously agitated, and then soaked for 2 hours when the water temperature drops to about 35°C. After the seeds have enough water to remove the germination, the buds are barely white. When placed, use 0.2% water retention agent gel + 0.1% of 50% carbendazim powder or 0.1% of seed dressing agent No. 3 + 0.1% of 50% methamidophos + 0.02% of drought-resistant agent No. 1 plus
In the fluid sowing liquid for sowing, three-line fluid sowing machine was used for sowing. The row spacing was 30cm, the covering soil was 2-2.5cm, and the sealing film was covered with a 90cm wide plastic film. Such as the use of ordinary pods sowing, can not soak germinated sowing seeds sowing, after sowing first rake flat sulcus, with a sprinkler spray water again cover the film, to ensure that the whole seedling sowing.
V. Breaking holes, sealing holes, replanting and fixing seedlings
After 4-5 days of streamcasting, one day after normal sowing, it is necessary to promptly break the membrane and help the seedlings emerge from the hole. The distance between the holes is 20-22cm. One-time re-germination is required for the broken ridge, and 2-3 leaves of the true leaves are treated with a fixed seedling. , Mu guarantee 10,000 seedlings left seedlings, no more than 30cm in the lack of seedlings, can leave two seedlings in the decapitated, more than 40cm, to transplant seedlings to replant, after the helper seedlings out of the hole, to continue sealing 2-3 times (Including the sealing surface break) to facilitate heat preservation, moisturizing, warming grass.
VI. Management before budding
30-35 days after emergence, in order to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, the entire field leaf spray 50% carbendazim 800 times plus 40% omethoate or 44% more than 150-200ml liquid insecticide 1-2 times; spray 100- 15010-6 paclobutrazol 1-2 times. At the same time, repairing drainage and irrigation works with the “five drainages connectedâ€, combined with loose soil in the ditch, urea urea 7.5kg, mulching wheat straw or wheat bran at the bottom of the ditch 3-5cm thick.
VII. Flowering to final flowering management
This period of time is a critical period for seizing high yields of sesame. In order to obtain sufficient number of grains, grains, and grains, this period must be done well:
l, dressing: about 1 week after flowering, combined irrigation irrigation topdressing urea 10kg, and then every 15 days mu topdressing urea 7.5kg + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3kg.
2. Drought prevention: When drought occurs, it is necessary to feed water in time along the ditch, and avoid water accumulation in the field during irrigation. When the temperature is high and the atmosphere is dry, in order to prolong the life of the anthers, 50 to 100 kg of clear water shall be sprayed between the sesame seeds before 10 o'clock in the morning and after 5 o'clock in the afternoon, and sprayed continuously for 3-5 days.
3. Chemical control: After 5 to 7 days of bud emergence or 5 to 7 cm of stem daily growth, use 10% of 20% D-lactosamine to spray 40 kg of water on the entire plant.
4. Pest control: every 1 week after budding, regardless of pests or diseases, 50% carbendazim 800-1000 times solution + 40% omethoate 200ml, virus A or antiviral 2000 times solution + 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 75% thiophanate or 70% diethyl aluminum phosphate + 44% insecticide and other formulations alternately used until after the final flower.
5. Promotion measures to increase budding, increase flower growth and increase growth: In addition to promptly applying small topping at the beginning of August, the buds should be sprayed once every 5 days and the farmer's liquid fertilizer, high-yielding treasure, TA production powder, photosynthetic bacteria solution, and rooting powder , Cytokines, drought-resistant agents, sesame leaf fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other nutrients alternately used.
Eight, final flowering period to pre-harvest management
70% of the yield components of sesame are formed at this stage. Maximizing the duration of this birth is the key to the success or failure of super-high yield. This period is mainly based on roots and leaves, in addition to maintaining moderate moisture in the field soil. The fulvic acid 4000 times solution or 1% urea solution and other trace elements at low concentrations should also be sprayed on the leaves in a timely manner to ensure that there are still 2-3 green leaves present during the sesame harvest period, causing normal slow-fall.
Nine, timely harvest
When the sesame seeds mature, they must be harvested properly. The lower part of the sesame should be harvested when it is cracked.
In short, the sesame super-high yield cultivation technology is closely linked, and on the basis of doing a good job of management, it strongly promotes a high degree of coordination among varieties, environment, land, and cultivation elements, ensuring that the number of high-quality pods per mu reaches 900,000 to 1,200,000, and the number of grains per grain is high. In 68-74 capsules, 1000-grain weight exceeded 3.5g, achieving more than 150kg per mu.
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