1 Process Starch slag → Sun dried storage → Distiller's grains (wet) → Add 3% lime powder → Alkaline, air-dry → Add cottonseed husk or corncob powder, wheat bran, etc. by formula → Build heap ventilation and fermentation Treatment 5 ~ 7 days, adjust the pH value, water content → bagging (package) inoculation → outside the hole bacteria culture → hole inside the soil moisture cultivation → fruiting management, harvesting → after mushroom management → bacteria → organic fertilizer.
2 The time to take out the hole outside the bacteria (artificial excavation soil cave, the cave anniversary temperature is generally 12 ~ 18 °C), the way of mushrooming in the hole, a batch of 3 times a year to cultivate mushrooms, each batch of 2 mushrooms, hole The average fruiting period of mushroom farming is about 3 months, and the batch interval is about 1 month. That is, bagging bacteria begin from March and April of each year, and it will be covered with soil in mid-May, and mushrooming will begin in early June until the end of the first batch of cultivation in late July. After clearing the soil holes and changing the earthworms for disinfection, the second batch of mushroom bags was put into the hole covering soil in the middle and late August, and the mushroom was started in early September until the second batch of cultivation was completed in late October. After the third batch of fungus bag made good bacteria, it was put into the hole and cover soil in the late November, and began to mushroom in mid-December until the third batch of cultivation was completed in late February to March of the following year. In this way, the cultivation season can be basically staggered with the mushroom season cultivated in the greenhouse. The price of the fresh mushroom is high and it produces good economic benefits.
3 Coprinus comatus growth and development conditions and cultivation characteristics Coprinus comatus mycelium growth temperature range of 3 ~ 35 °C, the optimum growth temperature of 22 ~ 28 °C. The mycelial's ability to resist coldness is very strong, and the mycelium is prone to autolysis at temperatures above 35°C. The formation of fruiting bodies requires low temperature stimulation. When the temperature drops to 9-20°C, coprinus comatus buds will break out of the ground. Below 8°C or above 30°C, fruit bodies are not easily formed. In the range of 12-18°C, the fruiting bodies develop slowly, with large individuals, good quality and long shelf life. It grows faster than 20°C, and the stipe easily elongates. If it exceeds 25°C, the fruiting body is easy to open and self-dissolve.
The water content of Coprinus comatus culture materials is preferably 60% to 70%. When the fruiting body occurs, the relative humidity of the air is 85% to 90%, and it is less than 60% of the surface of the surface of the cap. When the humidity is above 95%, the cap of the mushroom is prone to spot disease. The water content of the cover soil is controlled at 25% to 5%.
Both the growth of mycelia of coprinus comatus and the growth and development of fruit bodies require fresh air, especially during the mushrooming stage. Oxygen supply is an important factor influencing Coprinus comatus production. In particular, in soil cave cultivation, poor ventilation can cause root swelling, thick and long stipe, increased fiber, short and thin caps, and discoloration at the top of the crack. It has poor commercial quality and low yield.
Coprinus comatus does not need light to grow, and can grow bacteria in dark conditions. However, when bulbs are differentiated and the fruit body grows and grows, they require 300 to 900 lux. Under the dark conditions, fruiting will cause the color of the cap to be dark, the fruit body will be stunted, and the disease will be easy to occur; if the light is too strong, the growth of the fruit body will be inhibited, and the texture and color will be poor.
Coprinus comatus can grow in medium with a pH of 2-10. After the culture medium grows through the mycelium of coprinus comatus, it can generally equilibrate to the pH value automatically. The pH of the medium or the cover soil material is most suitable for the pH value of 6.8 to 7.6, and the initial pH value in production is often adjusted to 7.5 to 8.
4 Variety selection, cultivation material formulation and pretreatment
4.1 Variety selection The suitable chicken broiled mushroom suitable for growing licorice, Pingji No.1 and Jidong No.1, which are selected and bred by plant protection of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, can be selected.
4.2 Cultivated material formulation 300 kg of fresh lees (reduced about 100 kg), 20 kg of cottonseed hulls or 30 kg of crushed corn cob, 6-8 kg of wheat bran, 10 kg of lime, 0.3 kg of urea, 1 kg of superphosphate, gypsum powder 1 kg.
4.3 Pretreatment of raw materials Fresh distillers grains contain alcohols and aldehydes that are unfavorable to the growth of mycelium of coprinus comatus. The acidity is high, and the water content is high. Pretreatment is required. 3% of lime should be added, mix well, spread and dry for 4 to 5 hours, diligently turn over the material to promote the evaporation of moisture and harmful substances. After the pre-treated distillers grains, add 2% lime water to wet the treated cottonseed husks, or 3% lime water to treat the crushed corncobs, and wheat bran, gypsum powder, etc., and then add the appropriate amount of water and mix well. Build heap ventilation and fermentation.
4.4 Fermentation method Select a site with high topography, flat hardening, and sunburst. Build 1000-1500 kg of cultivated material (dry-back) into a half-sphere heap. Lead the root air tube from the reserved space in the center of the bottom of the pile. After the blower and pile surface was flattened, the air was evenly inserted into the reserved space in the core. After the stack was completed, the surface of the pile was uniformly sprayed with the mildew net 1000 times liquid and the 50% Ruijinte 1500 times liquid. In order to disinfect and prevent insects, the stack is finally covered with a plastic film and the periphery is compacted. When the maximum temperature of the fermentation material layer exceeds 65°C, use an air blower to perform an intermittent air blast. After about half an hour or so, intermittently for 2 to 3 hours, the air can be stopped at night, the plastic film can be removed, and the grass cover can be covered. After 24 hours, the air is maintained. For the first turn. When turning the heap, the surface layer should be turned to the inside, and the upper and bottom materials should be turned to the middle of the heap. After the stack is rebuilt, the stack is rebuilt, and after the temperature is increased again, the intermittent fermentation is carried out according to the first fermentation temperature-increasing ventilation method, and so on, and a total of three turnovers can be performed. When the third turnover is repeated, evenly spray a suitable amount of disinfectant and insecticide solution once again. The material will be tightly covered and no longer ventilated. The natural temperature or artificial hot steam will be used to achieve a total and uniform temperature of 60. At °C, hold the heap for 24 hours and fully dry the waste heat and exhaust gas. The fermented cultivating material is brown and has no odor. With lime water to adjust the pH value of 7.5 to 8, water content of 60% to 65%. The total fermentation time is about 5-7 days.
5 Bagging, inoculation, and sterilizing raw materials can be bagged and sown after being subjected to bulk fermentation. General fine-bag cultivation: tube film size is 45 cm 26 cm, material length is about 25 cm. Round bacterium cultivation: tube film size is 65 cm 55 cm, material thickness is about 12 cm. Seed sowing with 3 layers of 2 layers of seed material, the size of the bacteria seed should be larger when inoculated. Use more than 10% of the culture material. Room temperature control during germination at 23 ~ 26 °C, the material temperature generally do not exceed 28 °C, diligent bag, check. On the 7th day after inoculation, micropores were drilled on the seed layer of the bag and sprinkled with lime powder to promote germination. At 22 ~ 28 °C temperature, shade culture, and often ventilation, after 35 to 40 days, mycelium can be filled with bacteria bags.
6 After the cover soil is disinfected and the mycelium is fully bagged for about 10 days, the coprinus comatus mycelium can reach physiological maturity and can be covered with soil. In the hole of the earth, two sides of the cavern wall are used to make rakes, and a layer of lime powder is sprinkled at the bottom of the gorge and all around, leaving the road in the middle. About 90 cm in width, after the thin bag is removed, the fungus sticks are laid flat or cut in half and placed at an interval of 2 to 3 cm. The bacteria pieces are taken out of the bag or unpacked. The gap is filled with the treated soil and the soil is poured. After permeating the water, covering the entire surface of the mushroom with about 3 cm of cover soil; soil particles with a diameter of 0.5 to 2 cm is appropriate, evenly spray 1% of lime water, and finally cover the surface with a film overhead moisturizing.
There are many pathogens, germs, and pests that may be buried in earth-covered materials. They must be disinfected before use to prevent the emergence of pests during fruiting stages. The disinfection method is as follows.
6.1 Formaldehyde Disinfection Method Each cubic meter of soil with 40% formaldehyde 150 ml, 5 to 10 kg of water, evenly sprayed on the cover, and then pile up, covered with film, surrounded by seals, closed fumigation for 24 hours, and then dry, 3 It can be used after ~5 days.
6.2 Exposure and disinfection method The prepared cover soil is added with 2% lime powder, spread on clean ground, exposed to sunlight for 3 to 5 days, and turned 1 to 2 times per day. Finally, water spray pre-wetting can also achieve better results. Disinfection effect.
6.3 Disinfection of pesticides Cover the soil with a 3% bleach solution or a 0.15% urea chloride solution, mix with 50% dichlorvos 200 times and spray evenly. Turn the back cover membrane and boring for 2 days before use.
7 After the fruiting and management of the compound material cover the soil, the hyphae can grow through the soil layer in 7 to 10 days and enter the bud differentiation stage. At this time, we must strengthen management in order to achieve the purpose of high quality and high yield of Coprinus comatus. Specific management measures are as follows.
7.1 Remove the film and increase ventilation to keep the air in the hole fresh.
7.2 Moderately increased light irradiation to stimulate mycelial growth from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.
7.3 The temperature in the control hole is in the range of 12-20°C.
7.4 Increase the air humidity and maintain the suitable humidity of the cover soil so that the air humidity can reach 85% to 90%. The humidity of the casing soil is suitable for handing into groups and landing. Moisture management is mainly used to spray holes on the walls and wet aisles, and it is generally not appropriate to directly spray water on the mushroom beds and fruiting bodies. Under suitable conditions, Coprinus comatus will break out of soil 15 to 20 days after soiling. After another 7 to 10 days, the fruiting body grows and harvests in time.
8 Transferring management and supplementing nutrient solution After harvesting of the mushroom, the mushroom root, dead mushroom, rotten mushroom and old bacillus should be promptly removed, and the soil covered with the mixed bacteria should be excavated, and then the soil be covered with moist soil. Cover 1 to 2 cm thick, and then use the pH value of 8 lime water evenly and fully spray the bed surface, so that the cover layer and the culture material to fully absorb enough water, and then overhead film, after about 10 days to the second mushroom. Prior to fruiting, appropriate amount of nutrient solution can be sprayed on the cover soil to increase the yield and quality. Commonly used nutrient solution formulations: 300 grams of glucose, monosodium glutamate 50 grams, 50 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 25 grams of magnesium sulfate, 15 grams of compound vitamin B tablets, 50 grams of urea soil, water 50 kg. Generally can increase production 15% to 25%.
9 timely picking coprinus fruiting body maturation fast, easy to open after the umbrella self-dissolved, should be harvested when the mushroom body 6 to 7 mature. Generally when the stipe is extended to 10 to 13 cm, the stipe is tightly packed with the stipe, and the fungus ring is harvested when the ring has not been loosened. When harvesting, gently hold the mushroom by hand and pull it up. The Coprinus comatus must be removed in time to cut the roots with a sharp knife. The incision should be leveled during cutting to prevent the tearing of the mushroom stems, and the finished mushrooms should be cleaned and packed into the smooth and moderately sized containers as required by the customer. , Timely storage and transportation of fresh sales. Such as salt processing, timely cleaning, anti-virus and pickled processing, in order to prevent browning.
10 Prevention and cure of major diseases and insect pests Coprinus comatus diseases mainly include green mold, Aspergillus, gypsophila, fork-like charcoal horn fungus and bacteria, etc., which endanger the pests of Coprinus comatus, such as the main nematodes, collembola, aphids, and maggots.
Coprinus comatus pest control should be based on "prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control", and the principle of pollution-free prevention and control based on cultivation, physical and ecological control, supplemented by chemical control. The following measures are taken during production: 1 Select high-quality, pest-free strains; 2 Fermentation of high-quality culture materials; 3 Do a good job in the cleanliness of the fungus field and soil cavity, especially the complete disinfection and killing of the soil before the soil is changed. Insects; 4 appropriate to increase the amount of seeding and temperature of the bacteria; 5 cover soil thoroughly disinfected; 6 control soil hole, mushroom bed temperature, humidity and ventilation; 7 timely harvest and removal of mushroom root; 8 early detection and treatment Pests and diseases will be eliminated in the local and early stages.
The main disinfectants include 75% alcohol, potassium permanganate, benzalkonium chloride, bleaching powder, chlorine-based net, quicklime, peracetic acid, and mildew net.
The main bactericides are 40% formaldehyde solution, Bordeaux fluid, Sigong, Tektronix, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and clotrimidine.
The main insecticides are cypermethrin, pyrethrin, avermectin, fipronil, mushroom net and so on.
In addition, 0.1% potassium iodide solution, 1% bleach solution can be used to spray or dip bag control of nematodes. During the mushrooming period, the prevention and treatment of aphids should be based on trapping and killing methods. The sauteed rapeseed cake or wet yarn impregnated with vinegar and sugar liquid is arranged around the trampoline. After the gills are covered with gauze, the burns are concentratively treated. After a few days of continuous trapping and killing, the hail damage can be basically eliminated.
2 The time to take out the hole outside the bacteria (artificial excavation soil cave, the cave anniversary temperature is generally 12 ~ 18 °C), the way of mushrooming in the hole, a batch of 3 times a year to cultivate mushrooms, each batch of 2 mushrooms, hole The average fruiting period of mushroom farming is about 3 months, and the batch interval is about 1 month. That is, bagging bacteria begin from March and April of each year, and it will be covered with soil in mid-May, and mushrooming will begin in early June until the end of the first batch of cultivation in late July. After clearing the soil holes and changing the earthworms for disinfection, the second batch of mushroom bags was put into the hole covering soil in the middle and late August, and the mushroom was started in early September until the second batch of cultivation was completed in late October. After the third batch of fungus bag made good bacteria, it was put into the hole and cover soil in the late November, and began to mushroom in mid-December until the third batch of cultivation was completed in late February to March of the following year. In this way, the cultivation season can be basically staggered with the mushroom season cultivated in the greenhouse. The price of the fresh mushroom is high and it produces good economic benefits.
3 Coprinus comatus growth and development conditions and cultivation characteristics Coprinus comatus mycelium growth temperature range of 3 ~ 35 °C, the optimum growth temperature of 22 ~ 28 °C. The mycelial's ability to resist coldness is very strong, and the mycelium is prone to autolysis at temperatures above 35°C. The formation of fruiting bodies requires low temperature stimulation. When the temperature drops to 9-20°C, coprinus comatus buds will break out of the ground. Below 8°C or above 30°C, fruit bodies are not easily formed. In the range of 12-18°C, the fruiting bodies develop slowly, with large individuals, good quality and long shelf life. It grows faster than 20°C, and the stipe easily elongates. If it exceeds 25°C, the fruiting body is easy to open and self-dissolve.
The water content of Coprinus comatus culture materials is preferably 60% to 70%. When the fruiting body occurs, the relative humidity of the air is 85% to 90%, and it is less than 60% of the surface of the surface of the cap. When the humidity is above 95%, the cap of the mushroom is prone to spot disease. The water content of the cover soil is controlled at 25% to 5%.
Both the growth of mycelia of coprinus comatus and the growth and development of fruit bodies require fresh air, especially during the mushrooming stage. Oxygen supply is an important factor influencing Coprinus comatus production. In particular, in soil cave cultivation, poor ventilation can cause root swelling, thick and long stipe, increased fiber, short and thin caps, and discoloration at the top of the crack. It has poor commercial quality and low yield.
Coprinus comatus does not need light to grow, and can grow bacteria in dark conditions. However, when bulbs are differentiated and the fruit body grows and grows, they require 300 to 900 lux. Under the dark conditions, fruiting will cause the color of the cap to be dark, the fruit body will be stunted, and the disease will be easy to occur; if the light is too strong, the growth of the fruit body will be inhibited, and the texture and color will be poor.
Coprinus comatus can grow in medium with a pH of 2-10. After the culture medium grows through the mycelium of coprinus comatus, it can generally equilibrate to the pH value automatically. The pH of the medium or the cover soil material is most suitable for the pH value of 6.8 to 7.6, and the initial pH value in production is often adjusted to 7.5 to 8.
4 Variety selection, cultivation material formulation and pretreatment
4.1 Variety selection The suitable chicken broiled mushroom suitable for growing licorice, Pingji No.1 and Jidong No.1, which are selected and bred by plant protection of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, can be selected.
4.2 Cultivated material formulation 300 kg of fresh lees (reduced about 100 kg), 20 kg of cottonseed hulls or 30 kg of crushed corn cob, 6-8 kg of wheat bran, 10 kg of lime, 0.3 kg of urea, 1 kg of superphosphate, gypsum powder 1 kg.
4.3 Pretreatment of raw materials Fresh distillers grains contain alcohols and aldehydes that are unfavorable to the growth of mycelium of coprinus comatus. The acidity is high, and the water content is high. Pretreatment is required. 3% of lime should be added, mix well, spread and dry for 4 to 5 hours, diligently turn over the material to promote the evaporation of moisture and harmful substances. After the pre-treated distillers grains, add 2% lime water to wet the treated cottonseed husks, or 3% lime water to treat the crushed corncobs, and wheat bran, gypsum powder, etc., and then add the appropriate amount of water and mix well. Build heap ventilation and fermentation.
4.4 Fermentation method Select a site with high topography, flat hardening, and sunburst. Build 1000-1500 kg of cultivated material (dry-back) into a half-sphere heap. Lead the root air tube from the reserved space in the center of the bottom of the pile. After the blower and pile surface was flattened, the air was evenly inserted into the reserved space in the core. After the stack was completed, the surface of the pile was uniformly sprayed with the mildew net 1000 times liquid and the 50% Ruijinte 1500 times liquid. In order to disinfect and prevent insects, the stack is finally covered with a plastic film and the periphery is compacted. When the maximum temperature of the fermentation material layer exceeds 65°C, use an air blower to perform an intermittent air blast. After about half an hour or so, intermittently for 2 to 3 hours, the air can be stopped at night, the plastic film can be removed, and the grass cover can be covered. After 24 hours, the air is maintained. For the first turn. When turning the heap, the surface layer should be turned to the inside, and the upper and bottom materials should be turned to the middle of the heap. After the stack is rebuilt, the stack is rebuilt, and after the temperature is increased again, the intermittent fermentation is carried out according to the first fermentation temperature-increasing ventilation method, and so on, and a total of three turnovers can be performed. When the third turnover is repeated, evenly spray a suitable amount of disinfectant and insecticide solution once again. The material will be tightly covered and no longer ventilated. The natural temperature or artificial hot steam will be used to achieve a total and uniform temperature of 60. At °C, hold the heap for 24 hours and fully dry the waste heat and exhaust gas. The fermented cultivating material is brown and has no odor. With lime water to adjust the pH value of 7.5 to 8, water content of 60% to 65%. The total fermentation time is about 5-7 days.
5 Bagging, inoculation, and sterilizing raw materials can be bagged and sown after being subjected to bulk fermentation. General fine-bag cultivation: tube film size is 45 cm 26 cm, material length is about 25 cm. Round bacterium cultivation: tube film size is 65 cm 55 cm, material thickness is about 12 cm. Seed sowing with 3 layers of 2 layers of seed material, the size of the bacteria seed should be larger when inoculated. Use more than 10% of the culture material. Room temperature control during germination at 23 ~ 26 °C, the material temperature generally do not exceed 28 °C, diligent bag, check. On the 7th day after inoculation, micropores were drilled on the seed layer of the bag and sprinkled with lime powder to promote germination. At 22 ~ 28 °C temperature, shade culture, and often ventilation, after 35 to 40 days, mycelium can be filled with bacteria bags.
6 After the cover soil is disinfected and the mycelium is fully bagged for about 10 days, the coprinus comatus mycelium can reach physiological maturity and can be covered with soil. In the hole of the earth, two sides of the cavern wall are used to make rakes, and a layer of lime powder is sprinkled at the bottom of the gorge and all around, leaving the road in the middle. About 90 cm in width, after the thin bag is removed, the fungus sticks are laid flat or cut in half and placed at an interval of 2 to 3 cm. The bacteria pieces are taken out of the bag or unpacked. The gap is filled with the treated soil and the soil is poured. After permeating the water, covering the entire surface of the mushroom with about 3 cm of cover soil; soil particles with a diameter of 0.5 to 2 cm is appropriate, evenly spray 1% of lime water, and finally cover the surface with a film overhead moisturizing.
There are many pathogens, germs, and pests that may be buried in earth-covered materials. They must be disinfected before use to prevent the emergence of pests during fruiting stages. The disinfection method is as follows.
6.1 Formaldehyde Disinfection Method Each cubic meter of soil with 40% formaldehyde 150 ml, 5 to 10 kg of water, evenly sprayed on the cover, and then pile up, covered with film, surrounded by seals, closed fumigation for 24 hours, and then dry, 3 It can be used after ~5 days.
6.2 Exposure and disinfection method The prepared cover soil is added with 2% lime powder, spread on clean ground, exposed to sunlight for 3 to 5 days, and turned 1 to 2 times per day. Finally, water spray pre-wetting can also achieve better results. Disinfection effect.
6.3 Disinfection of pesticides Cover the soil with a 3% bleach solution or a 0.15% urea chloride solution, mix with 50% dichlorvos 200 times and spray evenly. Turn the back cover membrane and boring for 2 days before use.
7 After the fruiting and management of the compound material cover the soil, the hyphae can grow through the soil layer in 7 to 10 days and enter the bud differentiation stage. At this time, we must strengthen management in order to achieve the purpose of high quality and high yield of Coprinus comatus. Specific management measures are as follows.
7.1 Remove the film and increase ventilation to keep the air in the hole fresh.
7.2 Moderately increased light irradiation to stimulate mycelial growth from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.
7.3 The temperature in the control hole is in the range of 12-20°C.
7.4 Increase the air humidity and maintain the suitable humidity of the cover soil so that the air humidity can reach 85% to 90%. The humidity of the casing soil is suitable for handing into groups and landing. Moisture management is mainly used to spray holes on the walls and wet aisles, and it is generally not appropriate to directly spray water on the mushroom beds and fruiting bodies. Under suitable conditions, Coprinus comatus will break out of soil 15 to 20 days after soiling. After another 7 to 10 days, the fruiting body grows and harvests in time.
8 Transferring management and supplementing nutrient solution After harvesting of the mushroom, the mushroom root, dead mushroom, rotten mushroom and old bacillus should be promptly removed, and the soil covered with the mixed bacteria should be excavated, and then the soil be covered with moist soil. Cover 1 to 2 cm thick, and then use the pH value of 8 lime water evenly and fully spray the bed surface, so that the cover layer and the culture material to fully absorb enough water, and then overhead film, after about 10 days to the second mushroom. Prior to fruiting, appropriate amount of nutrient solution can be sprayed on the cover soil to increase the yield and quality. Commonly used nutrient solution formulations: 300 grams of glucose, monosodium glutamate 50 grams, 50 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 25 grams of magnesium sulfate, 15 grams of compound vitamin B tablets, 50 grams of urea soil, water 50 kg. Generally can increase production 15% to 25%.
9 timely picking coprinus fruiting body maturation fast, easy to open after the umbrella self-dissolved, should be harvested when the mushroom body 6 to 7 mature. Generally when the stipe is extended to 10 to 13 cm, the stipe is tightly packed with the stipe, and the fungus ring is harvested when the ring has not been loosened. When harvesting, gently hold the mushroom by hand and pull it up. The Coprinus comatus must be removed in time to cut the roots with a sharp knife. The incision should be leveled during cutting to prevent the tearing of the mushroom stems, and the finished mushrooms should be cleaned and packed into the smooth and moderately sized containers as required by the customer. , Timely storage and transportation of fresh sales. Such as salt processing, timely cleaning, anti-virus and pickled processing, in order to prevent browning.
10 Prevention and cure of major diseases and insect pests Coprinus comatus diseases mainly include green mold, Aspergillus, gypsophila, fork-like charcoal horn fungus and bacteria, etc., which endanger the pests of Coprinus comatus, such as the main nematodes, collembola, aphids, and maggots.
Coprinus comatus pest control should be based on "prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control", and the principle of pollution-free prevention and control based on cultivation, physical and ecological control, supplemented by chemical control. The following measures are taken during production: 1 Select high-quality, pest-free strains; 2 Fermentation of high-quality culture materials; 3 Do a good job in the cleanliness of the fungus field and soil cavity, especially the complete disinfection and killing of the soil before the soil is changed. Insects; 4 appropriate to increase the amount of seeding and temperature of the bacteria; 5 cover soil thoroughly disinfected; 6 control soil hole, mushroom bed temperature, humidity and ventilation; 7 timely harvest and removal of mushroom root; 8 early detection and treatment Pests and diseases will be eliminated in the local and early stages.
The main disinfectants include 75% alcohol, potassium permanganate, benzalkonium chloride, bleaching powder, chlorine-based net, quicklime, peracetic acid, and mildew net.
The main bactericides are 40% formaldehyde solution, Bordeaux fluid, Sigong, Tektronix, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and clotrimidine.
The main insecticides are cypermethrin, pyrethrin, avermectin, fipronil, mushroom net and so on.
In addition, 0.1% potassium iodide solution, 1% bleach solution can be used to spray or dip bag control of nematodes. During the mushrooming period, the prevention and treatment of aphids should be based on trapping and killing methods. The sauteed rapeseed cake or wet yarn impregnated with vinegar and sugar liquid is arranged around the trampoline. After the gills are covered with gauze, the burns are concentratively treated. After a few days of continuous trapping and killing, the hail damage can be basically eliminated.
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