Hybrid rice has been widely promoted in tropical and subtropical areas, but planting in cool regions is still a restricted area. In order to increase rice yield, increase farmers' income, and solve the problems of many varieties, chaos, and miscellaneous rice varieties, from 2001, the introduction of hybrid rice introduction trials in Shuming County, a cold and cool climate, has been successful.
Ximing County is located in the northern part of the Middle East, with high altitude (1770-2,600 meters) and annual average temperature of 14 degrees Celsius. Hybrid rice varieties were introduced in 2001. However, because of low temperature and insufficient accumulated temperature, they failed to achieve heading and fruitfulness, which led to failure of introduction. In 2004, in cooperation with the Institute of Grain Crops of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a two-line hybrid Japonica rice “Yunguang 12†was introduced to conduct a variety regional trial with a yield of 785.4 kg per mu, which broke the restriction that hybrid rice could not be grown in cold and cool rice areas. In 2005, it continued to cooperate with the Institute of Grain Crops of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences to expand the demonstration area of ​​hybrid rice introduction and conduct multi-point trials of “Yunguang 12†in the county. The demonstration result of 50 acres of Baihe Village in Yangqiao Township was significant, with an average yield of per mu. It reached 771.6 kg. At the same time, the demonstration plantation of the high-quality Japonica hybrid rice “Yanyou 34†was introduced from the provincial agricultural rice cultivation institute. The annual yield of the crop reached 715 kg. In 2006, Baihe Village, Yangqiao Town, Dam District, Quan County (1901 meters above sea level), Dapu Village (1890 meters), Xiaojie Town, Huihui Village, Liyang Town (1920 meters), Bailongqiao Village, Niulanjiang Town (1900 meters) ) In Yanglin Town, after 8 steps of village (1896 meters), demonstration demonstrations were conducted on 1000 acres of hybrid rice, and “Yunguang 12†and “Yanyou 34†were planted with 500 acres each. In September 2006, the average production per mu of “Yunguang 12†was measured at various levels by 755.9 kg; “Yanyou 34†had an average yield of 707.9 kg per mu.
Tests have shown that hybrid rice grown in cold and cool areas has a large increase in yield compared with conventional rice. The average yield per mu is about 100 kg. Not only that, hybrid rice is of high quality, good taste, and good commercial property. It is calculated at the current market price. The new rice output per mu of hybrid rice is about 455 yuan more than that of conventional rice, and the economic benefit is very significant. It is estimated that 115,000 mu of rice will be planted in Songming County. It is estimated that the cultivation of hybrid rice in the cold and cool regions represented by Luming County has broad prospects.
High-yielding cultivation of hybrid rice and conventional rice has significant differences in seedling production and planting. From the morphological point of view, there are mainly root system advantages, tillering advantages, ear grain advantages, and physiological advantages of photosynthesis and material accumulation. According to the introduction trials and demonstrations in the past three years in Songming County, in order to obtain high yield of hybrid rice cultivation, the first choice should be based on local conditions to select the combination suitable for planting in this region. The principle of choice is high yield, good resistance, appropriate maturity and ability to make full use of natural resources such as light, heat and land. In addition, the following cultivation techniques must be mastered:
Timely early sowing and cultivation
1. Fertilizer seedbeds are selected for leeward, easy irrigation and drainage, deep soil, loose and fertile, slightly acidic or neutral fields; as winter crops are sown and sunburned during slack seasons, the soil is loosened, and the ventilation of the soil is increased, combined with deep-buried soils. , Mu Shi maturity farmyard fertilizer 1500 ~ 2000 kg; before sowing, 25 kg of urea per mu of farmland, 50 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, 30 kg of potassium citrate, mixed uniformly into the soil layer 0 ~ 15 cm; finishing into a wide 1 .5 ~ 1.7 meters of the seedbed, the surface requires smooth, uniform and fine soil, for the convenience of operation, between the surface to leave 30 cm wide ditch for management.
2. Sow 1 sun seeds, soak seeds, and disinfect seeds. 1 to 2 days before sowing, should be selected full of hybrid rice seeds, soaked with Shi Bao grams 48 to 62 hours (62 hours is appropriate), and then picked up and rinse with water, and germination to Lubai is better. 2 Strictly control the sowing amount and master the best seasonal sowing. At the end of March and early April of the year, there is often a cold spring. To prevent the rice seedlings from being affected by low-temperature chilling, they should generally sow the crops before and after the thrilling thirst; before sowing, the field is used with 600 kg of enemy cough 1.5 kg. Disinfect the soil and evenly spread the white rice seeds on the sorghum surface; sow 15-20 kg per mu of paddy field; transplant 10 mu per mu of paddy field, that is, the ratio of 1:10 to 1:10. About 30 grams per square meter sowing; after sowing evenly covered with sieved compost fine excrement, in order to not expose the grain is appropriate, and promptly cover the film, the film cover a layer of cover against high temperature burning buds.
3. Strengthen the management of seedlings, do a good job in the prevention and treatment of disease at the seedling stage, and cultivate a strong and prosperous population. 1 moisture. During the period from seeding to emergence, water should be kept in the trench to keep the surface moist; after 10 days of seeding, the seedlings should be uncovered in a timely manner, and after the film is removed, a thin layer of water can be kept on the seedbed; attention should be paid to changes in the weather at any time. Water should be nursed before cooling down. 2 control blight. After peeling off the membrane, it is necessary to spray 1,000 to 1500 times of enemy liquid for 3 to 5 kilograms per square meter of bed surface. 3 timely fertilizer. According to the growth of seedlings, the milk fertilizer can be cut off as soon as possible after the film is uncovered, and 4 kg of urea can be used to pour water. 4 In the recent cropping period of paddy rice, the harm of sucking pests represented by grasshoppers has gradually increased, and prevention and control should be done to prevent pest transmission hazards.
Transplanting in a timely manner, reasonable dense planting
The air quality of rice fields is not only closely related to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, but also has a direct impact on the quality and yield of rice. Under the conditions of sufficient water and fertilizer, the better ventilation and light transmission in rice fields, the quality of rice in a single plant. Well, the higher the output. In order to avoid the influence of low temperature on hybrid rice in August, transplanting should be carried out as early as 45 to 50 days. Take a broad line narrow plant, the most suitable planting specifications for the plant spacing 3.5 to 4 inches, spacing 6 inches, transplanting 2.5 to 30,000 bushes per acre, each 1-2 seedlings, a good seedlings Without transplanting 2 seedlings, a single transplant was implemented. By narrow lines, narrow lines, appropriate thinning, increased ventilation and light transmission in the field, improved rice growth conditions, and thus reduce the number of pesticides applied, and improve rice quality and yield.
According to local conditions, scientific fertilization
According to the growth pattern of the hybrid rice and the characteristics of fertilizer requirements, proper and effective scientific fertilization methods should be adopted in order to reduce rice production costs and achieve high yields. In the fertilization of hybrid rice, the principle of "promoting, maintaining, maintaining, adding organic fertilizer, and controlling nitrogen and increasing phosphorus and potassium" should be grasped.
1. The basal organic fertilizer is mainly combined with field finishing. Each acre should be treated with 1500-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard fertilizer, 40 kg of urea, 30 kg of superphosphate (poor calcium), and 10 kg of potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate) depending on the fertility of the field.
2. Early application of topdressing in order to ensure early emergence of hybrid rice after its return to greening should be followed by applying 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 30 kg of normal calcium, 10 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulphate per acre for 7 to 10 days after transplanting, and top dressing. When 100 grams of herbicidal ether is blended with all fertilizers, it is applied to the field once. Never apply topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the end of delivery, so as to avoid excessive growth and cause disease, resulting in a large number of empty pods to reduce production.
Strengthen field management and prevent diseases and pests
Field management is a key link in the high yield and stable yield of hybrid rice. According to the characteristics of hybrid rice, it should take measures to promote and control the use of fertilizer and water to ensure good growth and development of rice. The general principles of Daejeon’s management of water are: shallow water planting, water-filled trees, thin waterlogging, sufficient amount of seedlings for drying; deep water for flowering, alternating wet and dry during filling, 5 to 7 days before harvest, water cut, avoid water cutoff prematurely, so as not to Affects grain weight and quality.
1. Returning to the green period, the seedlings should be checked and compensated in time to ensure that the seedlings are fully seedlings. After returning to the green, chemical weeding and topdressing should be combined in time to promote effective tillering. At the same time, attention should be paid to timely drainage and drying of the fields to increase the percentage of spikes, and to make good locusts and rice fly. The prevention and control of warts.
2. During the jointing and booting stage, the panicle fertilizer is applied sparingly with N, P and K in combination with reasonable application of water to maintain the 3 cm water layer in the field to ensure that there is no shortage of water and drought; integrated control of pests and diseases mainly controls rice blast, sheath blight, armyworm, Locust and so on.
3. In the period of heading and seed-bearing, it is necessary to preserve and attack grain and increase the grain weight by 1000; to achieve the transition from shallow water management to dry-dry, wet-and-wet, to prevent premature water shortage caused by water shortage and lodging caused by deep water, etc.; to attach importance to Chaotian old-age rice, It is conducive to increase yields; at the same time, it is also necessary to prevent and control the panicle rice blast at the time of breaking.
Timely harvest
Should be harvested immediately after the yellow ripening period. Premature and late harvest, rice taste is poor, and more broken rice after processing.
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