Release date: 2018-04-10
Not long ago, the Southern University of Science and Technology-Apostle joint project in Silicon Valley was settled in Shenzhen. The co-founders were three doctors from the Stanford University and Duke University, Ge Dongliang, Zhang Bo, Guo Wei, and Dr. Charles Kanter, a member of the American Academy of Sciences. As a consultant. This "luxury technical team" wants to make liquid biopsy cancers closer and closer in China.
Dr. Ge Dongliang said that the DNA of some solid tumor cells can be released into the peripheral blood. The main pathways are tumor cell apoptosis and exosomes. The diagnosis of cancer DNA by peripheral plasma or other body fluids is a liquid biopsy technique that can be used as a daily physical examination item. Liquid biopsy technology for early screening of various cancer types, successful detection in the early stage, and small, controllable and highly effective surgery, World Health Forum and Scientific American have listed liquid biopsy technology as 2017 The world's top ten emerging technologies.
Existing technology faces two major challenges
Tumor DNA can be used as an effective tool for early diagnosis of tumors, but it must be accurately and sensitively detected. Ge Dongliang said that in this field, the international scientific research and industry has encountered a key challenge: the existing liquid biopsy technology can not provide the accuracy required for early diagnosis when detecting tumor DNA present in peripheral plasma.
Because high-throughput sequencing has errors that cannot be avoided by the technology itself, it is an obstacle that is difficult to overcome in the current technology. Even if the current error rate is technically reduced by hundreds or even thousands of times, we can't tell the difference between these cumulative errors and real tumor mutations in the early diagnosis of tumors under extremely high multiplier sequencing. Therefore, an effective early diagnosis cannot be achieved.
The primary challenge of applying liquid biopsy technology to the clinic is that the free nucleic acid content and concentration in the patient's body fluids are very low, usually only a few nanograms to one or two hundred nanograms per 10 milliliters of blood, and the existing nucleic acid extraction techniques are At the micro-micron level, a very small amount of small-nuclear nucleic acid material for liquid biopsy has insufficient extraction efficiency. Due to the low content and concentration of free nucleic acid itself, the free nucleic acid content from diseased tissues is lower, and when the extraction efficiency is insufficient, the quality of detection cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the current global need for a comprehensive early screening research direction and platform for efficient access to free nucleic acids and amplification of cancer information.
International original methods to solve key problems
“Our nano-beads and artificial intelligence patents are specifically designed to solve these two key problems.†Ge Dongliang introduced that nano-magnetic beads are a three-layer structure with a small diameter and a core-envelope-special modification. It can be completely and efficiently combined with a very small amount of small-nuclear nucleic acid substances in body fluids, and can be perfectly and effectively released and released in the reverse direction. It can achieve more than 95% enrichment for a very small amount of small-nuclear nucleic acid substances, thereby capturing tumors with a rare content. DNA solves the worldwide problem of low efficiency of free nucleic acid capture.
The screening of mutations in different tumor genes depends on artificial intelligence. Ge Dongliang told reporters that they have established a large database of 35,000 cancer patients' genome information, covering more than 25 cancer types, and designed a special computer algorithm, which is designed to face complexities in large databases. The heterogeneous collection of genomic phenomena, through machine self-learning, trains computers to efficiently, quickly and accurately identify effective mutations in tumors, distinguish between suspected mutations, and discard null mutations. Such a machine's self-learning and evolutionary logic, method and machine intelligence thinking system can be applied to more unknown detection spaces, thus completely solving the challenge of disease genetic heterogeneity for detection. Currently in the international arena, such an approach is original.
The joint project has now entered the stage of industrialization. Ge Dongliang said that this frontier "black technology" is not a laboratory paper, but a project that can be industrialized. Once this highly promising new technology is put into widespread use, it will greatly improve the national economy and people's livelihood and drive the country's billion-dollar industry scale.
Source: Technology Daily
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