1, corn smut
Symptoms: The upper part of the corn can be affected during the whole growing season, but the symptoms are prominent during the tasseling period. Various parts of the plant can produce tumors of various sizes, with large tumors up to 15 cm in diameter and as small as 1-2 cm in size. The early tumors outsourced a layer of white shiny film, followed by a grayish, black powder after cracking. Sometimes bean-sized tumor-like piles are produced on the leaves. Tassels produce cystic nodules. Most other parts are large nodules.
Incidence conditions and route of transmission: high temperature and drought, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, disease prone to occur. The pathogenic chlamydospore was overwintered in soil or in the body and piled straw. Overwintering chlamydospores germinate to produce microspores for air flow, rain, and insects. Invasion from young tissues, wounds, and insect damage.
Control technology: (1) Agricultural control. Implementation of crop rotation; cultivation of disease-resistant varieties in severely ill areas; strengthening cultivation management to avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer; ensure water supply before and after tasselling; early detection of disease in the field should be eliminated and buried in depth; , can reduce the initial infection source. (2) Chemical control. When seeding, seed dressing was made with 0.4% of 20% triadimefol, and soil and manure were treated with carbendazim and other fungicides. During the growing season, corn borer and other pests are completely controlled.
2, corn mash
Injury: corn borer feeding on leaf or foraging did not spread the heart leaves, resulting in mosaic; after heading drill pod stems, so that the development of the ear blocked production. When the wind at the borehole breaks easily, the production is more severe. The larvae directly grazing young ear grains, resulting in grain defects, mildew, deterioration.
Occurrence conditions and route of transmission: In the year when the wintering base is large, the number of eggs and strains in the first generation of the field is high. The overwintering larvae have strong cold-resistance, winter cold has little effect on them, and spring cold can delay the emergence of overwintering larvae. Humidity is an important factor in the change in the number of corn borers. Overwintering larvae feed on wet straw or suck on rainwater and droplets, and get enough water to defecate, feather, and lay eggs. Low humidity is detrimental to phlegm, feathering, spawning and larval survival. The older larvae overwinter in host plant stalks, cobs, or roots, and larvae, feathers, and adults lay eggs on the back of the host plant's leaves and become infested after hatching into larvae.
Control technology: (1) eliminate overwhelming insect sources. Before the emergence of overwintering larvae, corn, sorghum and other insect straws are used as fuel, mashing up the manure and storing the cobs, which is an effective measure to eliminate overwintering larvae and reduce the base number of insects. (2) Chemical control. During the big bell season of corn, the “three fingers and one bowl†method used 3% carbofuran granules or 1.5% phoxim granules to irrigate at a dose of 1.5-2 kg per acre, and the control effect was obvious. (3) Biological control. In the middle of the middle leaf, Beauveria bassiana granules are sprayed, and 500 grams of Beauveria bassiana spore powder containing 5 to 50 billion grammes per gram of bacteria are mixed with 5 kilograms of slag crushing and are spread in corn leaves; Trichogramma treats lice. That is, when the emergence rate of the larvae reaches 20%, 5-10 bees are set per acre, and the amount of bees is 15,000-30000.
3, armyworm
Injury: Infestation with larvae. Food is very complex, especially like to eat grass family plants. The leaf tissue is eaten to form a nick, and the leaves are often eaten up from time to time. Only the bare stems are left, and the ears and ears of corn that have been extracted can also be bitten off. When there is a lack of food, swarms migrate and, after aging, stop feeding.
Occurrence conditions and route of transmission: Insect armyworm prefers warm and high humidity conditions. In the late May to June when the 1st generation of the armyworm migrates, the second generation of armyworm will occur. High temperature and low humidity are not conducive to the growth and development of armyworm. The armyworm is a long-distance migratory pest. In my county can not be overwintering, a generation of adult insects from the southern origin of the original source base to fly to the county to lay eggs, the second generation of armyworm larvae damage.
Control technology: (1) Chemical control. During the harvest of winter wheat, in order to prevent the larvae from migrating to Akita, 2.5% of trichlorfon powder was sprayed around the corn field near the wheat field and sprinkled into a 4 inch wide drug zone for blockage; the corn field killed 20% of the larvae before 3rd instar. Emulsifiable ether emulsion 15-45 g/mu, spray 50 kg of water, or use 5% swab 1000-1500 times, 40% dimethoate 1500-2000 times, or 10% Da Gongchen 2000-2500 times spray . (2) Biological control. In the young instar larvae, the efficacy of the 200-PPM of Diflubenzuron 1-3 on the control of armyworm larvae is above 94.5%, and it does not kill natural enemies. It is safe for crops, and the amount of 200PPM does not pollute the environment.
4, corn red spider
Injury: The sap of the back and back of the corn leaf is sucked by the scorpion and raccoon, and the tainted spot is chlorotic, affecting the photosynthesis. When the damage is severe, the leaves become white and dry, and the grains are lean, resulting in a reduction in yield, which has a serious impact on corn production.
Occurrence conditions and route of transmission: Corn Starscream is in a condition of high temperature and low humidity, and drought or less rain occurs year or season. Wintering occurs in females, in the roots of crops, weeds, or in earth seams. Overwintering females do not eat and move, cold resistance. Spring temperatures reach 7-12°C and spawn and hatch. If they develop into Ruoqiang and Chengyu, they will be transferred to weeds and corn. From July to August, it will enter the flood season.
Control technology: (1) Agricultural control. Deeply plowing the land, turning the plutonium into the deep layer; pour the water in early spring or autumn, silt the mites in the soil to suffocate; kill the weeds in the field, reduce the harmful food and breeding grounds; avoid the corn and soybean intercropping. (2) Chemical control. When Ye Yu made corn spots on the side of a field weed or on the side of the field, spraying control to prevent spread. It can be sprayed with 20% dicofol, 73% ecstasy or 5% nisolate EC 1500 times. Other agents for the control of wheat spider mites can also be used to control corn spider mites.
5, corn dwarf mosaic disease
Symptoms: Many oval chlorotic dots appear at the base of the seedlings and veins, and they are arranged in one or more intermittent dashed lines, which later become solid lines. The disease department continued to expand, and many yellow stripes were formed between the rough veins, which were not limited by rough veins, and were irregularly expanded to form mosaic symptoms with the healthy ones. The disease department continues to expand, forming many large and small round green patches that turn yellow, brown, purple, or dry. Yellow leaves, leaf sheaths, and male flowers of severely diseased plants sometimes appear chlorotic spots, and the plants are short and can not be eared, eared, or sturdy.
Precursors NO
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