Temperature plays a crucial role in the healthy growth and development of broiler chickens. The basic principle for temperature management during brooding is to start with higher temperatures in the early stages and gradually lower them as the chickens grow. Young chicks require warmer conditions, while older ones can tolerate cooler temperatures. Smaller groups need higher temperatures, while larger groups can handle slightly lower ones. Temperature should be adjusted based on weather conditions—higher on rainy days, lower on sunny days, and higher at night compared to daytime. It's essential to make temperature changes gradual and steady according to the age of the birds and environmental conditions. Sudden temperature fluctuations are not recommended, as they can cause stress and health issues. The initial brooding temperature for 1-2 day old chicks should be around 34–35°C at back level or 5 cm above the floor. As they grow, the temperature should be reduced by about 3°C every 7 days. By day 28, the temperature should be around 21°C and maintained thereafter. Proper cooling must be done gradually to avoid negative effects on feather development. If cooled too quickly, the chicks may not adapt well, leading to slower growth and higher mortality. Conversely, if the cooling is too slow, it may also hinder their ability to develop proper feathers. Monitoring the temperature isn't just about using a thermometer—it's also about observing the behavior of the flock. When the temperature is ideal, the chicks are active, alert, and have smooth feathers. They eat and drink normally, and after feeding, they spread out evenly on the floor, lying down with their heads and necks straight. The environment remains calm, with no signs of distress or loud noises. If the temperature is too low, the chicks will huddle together near the heat source, appear sluggish, and make soft "quacking" sounds. Their growth may be uneven, and in severe cases, they may suffer from cold stress or diarrhea, which can lead to death. On the other hand, if the temperature is too high, the chicks will move away from the heat source, appear weak, and lie on the ground with their wings spread. They may drink more water, lose their appetite, and in extreme cases, experience heat stress, which can result in significant losses.

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