Temperature is a critical factor in the healthy growth and development of broiler chickens. The principle of temperature management during brooding is to start high and gradually lower it as the chicks grow. In the early stages, the temperature should be higher, while it can be reduced as the chicks become stronger. Younger, smaller groups require higher temperatures, while larger groups can tolerate slightly lower ones. Additionally, the temperature should be adjusted based on weather conditions—higher on rainy days, lower on sunny days, higher at night, and lower during the day. Temperature changes must be gradual and consistent with the age of the chicks; sudden changes can be harmful. The ideal starting temperature for brooding is typically 34–35°C at the level of the chick’s back or 5 cm above the floor. Humidity should be maintained at around 27–29°C. After that, the temperature should be lowered by about 3°C every seven days, aiming to reach approximately 21°C by day 28. This temperature is then kept constant. When reducing the temperature, it's important to do so gradually to avoid stress. A too-rapid drop can hinder feather development, while a slow reduction may not provide enough stimulation for the chicks to adapt properly. Monitoring the behavior of the flock is the best way to determine if the temperature is suitable. Relying solely on temperature readings isn't enough; adjustments should be made based on how the chicks act. When the temperature is just right, the chicks are active, alert, and have smooth feathers. They eat well, drink moderately, and their droppings are uniform. After feeding, they spread out evenly across the floor and sleep with their heads and necks straight. There’s no unusual noise or restlessness, and the environment remains calm. If the temperature is too low, the chicks will huddle near heat sources or gather in corners, making "quacking" sounds. They move slowly, appear uneven in size, and may suffer from cold or diarrhea, which can lead to death. On the other hand, when the temperature is too high, the chicks avoid the heat source, appear weak, sit on the ground, spread their wings, and pant. They drink a lot but lose their appetite, and high temperatures can cause many heat-stressed birds to die. Proper temperature management is essential to ensure the health and productivity of the flock.

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