1. Codonopsis: Codonopsis: Codonopsis: Codonopsis: Codonopsis: Codonopsis is a perennial herb of the Campanulaceae family Codonopsis. Its root is cylindrical or long conical in shape and is 30-60 centimeters in length. The top of the root head is swollen with a large number of tumor-like scars, commonly known as “lion head†or “lion headâ€. ". Fresh product white, with chrysanthemum heart, yellowish after drying, ring-shaped horizontal stripes; stems twining or spreading, many branches; single leaves entire, ovate, alternate or nearly opposite, petiole long, young leaves hairy Flower solitary, corolla bell-shaped, yellow-green, with purple markings, flowering August-September, fruiting period September-October; pod conical, three-compartment, calyx persistent; seed many, small, brown, ovate-oval Thousand grains weigh 0.28-0.31 grams.
2, Codonopsis medical treatment Codonopsis sweet, flat, spleen, lung. It has the effect of supplementing Qi and Qi, boosting the spleen and benefiting the lungs, and quenching thirst. For the treatment of spleen and lung weakness, spleen and stomach weakness, lack of lung, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, eat less loose stools, cough, cough, internal heat Diabetes, weakness and other symptoms. It is a common nourishing and potent medicine.
3, the biological characteristics of Codonopsis Codonopsis adaptability, warm and cool climate. Different growth stages have different requirements for moisture, temperature, and sunlight. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 18-20°C. The seedlings are pleasing to the shade and the plants are happy. They can tolerate high temperatures of 33°C and can also be used at -30°C. Safe winter. Root rot is prone to occur when the drainage is unfavorable and the temperature is high and humidity is high. Codonopsis is a deep-rooted plant, the soil PH 6.5-7.0 is appropriate, avoid continuous cropping, generally should be planted again every 3-4 years, the former took the leguminous, gramineous crops as well. The seed germination rate of Codonopsis pilosula by 3-year-old plants is high, generally more than 90%, and the germination rate is reduced when stored for one year at room temperature, and the seed will lose the germination rate when smoked or exposed to salt during storage.
4. Codonopsis pilosula cultivation and management Codonopsis is a deep-rooted plant, should be selected for deep, loose and fertile, well-drained sandy loam soil cultivation, should not be planted in drought-prone and low-lying land. Nursery sites should be selected near the water source, the soil more moist land; transplanted land should be selected higher ground, well-drained land in order to prevent the spread of root rot. To cultivate Codonopsis ginseng with wasteland, we should clear the trees and weeds in the autumn of the first year, dry them, dry them up, and apply them to the fields. Then we plow 30 centimeters, and then we will level and level them according to the requirements of nursery or transplanting. Or ridges. Generally nursery to do crickets, width 1.2-1.3 meters, depending on the topography and terrain, in order to facilitate the drainage, low-lying sorghum, dry land to do flat rake, generally rake height 15 cm, rake and rake spacing of about 30 cm; Transplanting land should be suitable for ridges, generally ridge width 50-60 cm. The cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula by using ripe land should also be carried out in autumn, autumn, autumn, autumn, autumn, autumn, or autumn, to avoid spring drought, which is not conducive to emergence. The use of ripening cultivation should be combined with 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre.
Seeds can be broadcast live in spring and autumn. It is better to broadcast seedlings in autumn, and it is best to make hoeing or ridge preparation in autumn in the spring of the first year in order to facilitate the preservation of grasshoppers. Autumn sowing begins in early October and finishes before freezing. Spring sowing occurs from late March to early April. Sowing or drilling is generally adopted. In order to promote seed germination and seedling growth, it is best to soak the seeds of Codonopsis pilosula with 50 ppm gibberellin solution for 6 hours before sowing, and then remove the seeds and rinse them with water to dry them. The germination rate can be increased by 115.3%. Due to the small seeds of Codonopsis pilosula, in order to evenly sow and not be blown away by the wind during sowing, the seed is mixed well with plant ash, fine sand or fine soil before sowing. Spreading: Spread the crushed seeds evenly on the surface of pods, then cover with a layer of thin soil to cover the seeds. Then cover a layer of mountain grass, with a seed quantity of 2-2.5 kg per acre; Slabs are planted at a distance of 20 cm, or a shallow ditch is laid on the entire surface of the plant. The row spacing is 20 cm and the sowing area is 10 cm. The well-mixed seeds are evenly planted in the ditch, covered with fine soil, and slightly suppressed. Cover mountain grass again, use 1.5-2 kg per acre; ridge sowing: open a shallow ditch on the well-developed ridges, and then sow the ditch evenly in the ditch, cover the fine soil, and suppress it slightly. . Codonopsis pilosula cultivates seedlings, and sowing time and seeding method are the same as live broadcast. The nursery can be planted in the fall or spring in 1 year. Generally, 1 mu can be transplanted and 5-8 mu can be transplanted. Transplanting in spring should be carried out before the germination, from late March to early April. In the autumn transplanting, in the middle of October, before the soil is frozen, it is better to transplant in the autumn. It is best to choose cloudy or dry nights for transplanting. Soil drought should be properly watered 1-2 days before digging, keep the soil moist, so as not to hurt the seedlings. Transplanting should be planted along with the planting; if it is necessary to carry out the long-distance transportation, the codonopsis seedlings should be packed in wooden boxes or cartons. When the boxes are packaged, the buds will face inwards and the roots will face the wall of the box so as not to damage the spores on the way. They cannot be planted on the day after shipment. To be implanted. Ridge planting: In the ridge along the ridge open 15-20 cm deep ditch, according to the planting distance 8-10 cm oblique planting, cover soil 5-7 cm, timely suppression after planting pods; hoe planting: in the pod surface spacing of 20 cm open Groove, ditch deep according to the size of the planting, and generally not suitable for volume nesting roots, planting 8-10 cm plant spacing or oblique planting, cover soil 3-5 cm, after planting a little suppression. If the spring planting is too late, Codonopsis saplings have been unearthed. When transplanting, the stems and leaves need to be exposed outside the soil. After the planting, the mountain grass or straw, wheat oranges shall be covered in time, and then watered. After 3-5 days, the seedlings will be covered again. Removed material, loose loose topsoil. In addition to planting, corn and wheat can be used for grain and drug intercropping; intercropping with Coptis, Fritillaria, Asarum and other drugs. The specific approach is: planting corn, or wheat, in the nursery place next to the corn seedling height of about 30 cm or wheat seedling height of about 6 cm, will be evenly spread Codonopsis seeds sowed in the soil, by the shade of corn leaves and wheat leaves In the autumn or spring, transplant 1-2 years of Codonopsis pilosula seedlings next to Coptis, Fritillaria, and Asarum. When the seedlings of Codonopsis pilosula are about 30 cm tall, use bamboo sticks to hang the vines, and then twist the stems into berberine, mother of pearl, and thin seeds. Symplectic shade. It is also possible to use piled cultivating and planting of Codonopsis pilosula in front of the house, and the yield is good.
5. Codonopsis management in the fields (1) Coverage: After live broadcasting of Tiandiao and Yumiaotian Spring, in order to protect the earthworms, they will help the emergence of seedlings. The grass shall be covered and the grass shall not be thick enough to achieve a degree of moisture retention. When the seedlings emerge, the grass will be removed. An arbours shelter should be set up in the hot southern seedlings to avoid glare.
(2) Watering: After the spring sowing, we must keep the surface moist, which will help the seeds germinate and emerge. When the seedlings grow, they should be watered in time for the drought. The watering time should be before 8 o'clock in the morning and after 3 o'clock in the afternoon.
(3) Weeding of the seedlings: weeding of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings to prevent herbicides; when the seedlings grow to 5-7 cm in height, the seedlings are planted at a spacing of 3 cm, and the seedlings are planted in conjunction with the seedlings in areas where the seedlings are severe; The seedlings should be divided into two sub-seedlings. The time and density of the first seedlings should be the same as that of the nursery field. The second sub-seedlings should be carried out after the spring of the second spring. The seedlings are planted at a spacing of 5 to 7 centimeters. Supplement planting.
(4) Defoliation and cultivating ridges: For the transplanted fields or live plots over 2 years old, timely weeding and ripping shall be performed. During the general growth period, weeding may be performed 3-4 times. The ridge cultivation shall be performed from late July to mid-August. After cultivating the ridges and wilting plants on the ground at the end of the autumn, they should be smashed once and then ridged again.
(5) Top-dressing: Codonopsis pilosula is a hi-fat plant. In mid-July, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate and 15 kg of superphosphate were mixed and used for each mu. Topdressing method: Open a 6 cm deep ditch at the root of the line between the rows and apply fertilizer to the soil.
(6) Stretching: When the height of the seedling is 30 cm, use a branch or a thin bamboo rod to intervene between the rows to guide the stem and vine to wind on, in order to facilitate ventilation, light transmission, and promote the growth of Codonopsis.
(7) Protection against cold: Planting Codonopsis pilosula in a severe cold region should be covered with cold soil after the end of the fall to prevent cold damage, and the second year of the spring will be removed before the winter buds sprout of the Codonopsis.
(8) Clean up the pastoral area: After wilting in the upper part of the Codonopsis pilosula, clear the stems and leaves of the stubble plants, remove the erection materials, and use the 50% carbendazim 800-1000 times solution for pastoral disinfection to reduce the spread of disease.
6. Seed harvesting generally chooses three-year-old plants for leave farming. From late September to early October, the skin of most fruits turns yellow, and when the seeds turn brown, they can be harvested. Because the maturation period of Codonopsis pilosula seeds is inconsistent, it must be followed as it is cooked to prevent the peeling of the cracked seeds of the shell.
7. Codonopsis and Pest Control The main diseases of Codonopsis are root rot, rust, and purple feather disease.
Root rot: The pathogen is a fungus in the fungus, divided into two types of chronic onset and acute onset. Chronic type, onset in the middle and late May. A dark purple spot appears on the lower fibrous roots or lateral roots in the early stage of disease, and then turns black and decays. After the disease spreads to the main root, it gradually rots from the bottom up. Most of the remaining non-erosive parts are mostly semi-parametric ones, and the parts that are close to the decay are dark brown, and the stems and leaves of the shoots gradually turn yellow, causing them to die. The acute type mostly begins in mid-to-late June. When the roots are infected, the entire roots of the roots begin to attack at the same time. The water is stained, the texture becomes soft, and the vascular bundle becomes light brown. A small amount of gray moldy material was seen on the rotted part.
Prevention and control measures: implement crop rotation and avoid heavy cropping; carefully select seeds before sowing, remove disease types, disinfect seeds, use robust and disease-free Codonopsis plants as transplanting seedlings, and prepare for drainage and flood prevention in rainy season; Dinitrogen dispersant spray 200 times, or use 50% Tuzet WP wet 1500 times solution.
Rust: Harms leaves, stems and tore parts. Leaf lesions are light brown with yellow halos around them. The lesions on the back of the leaves rose, and the summer spores were orange-yellow; later on, a large number of summer spores were scattered. The lesions are larger at the stem and receptacle. In the Northeast and North China, the incidence is heavier in the autumn.
Preventive measures: timely clean up the garden; the early onset of powder spraying chlorinated 300 times; 50% dinitrate 200 times or 200 times the enemy rust sodium, once every 7-10 days, even 2-3 times.
Purple feather disease: first fibrous root disease, and then infected to the main root, the roots of the disease appear purple table thread fungus, and finally covered with the whole root, so that the root from the outside to the inside gradually rot or slag, and finally the root into a dark brown Empty shell. The onset began in early July and the onset of disease occurred in August. The duration of disease damage in the field was longer; in the summer, during hot and rainy seasons, the damage was severe.
Preventive measures: cultivate disease-free saplings; treat the soil with 40% carbendazim gel suspension 500 times or 25% carbendazim wettable powder 300 pounds per square meter; use 40% more before transplanting 30 minutes of soaking of roots with a 300-fold solution of eumylin gum suspension, and drying after slightly drying.
The pests that injure Codonopsis are cockroaches, tigers, dragonflies and red spiders. Underground pests are crickets, tigers, and earthworms; groundworms have spider mites.
Underground pest control methods: Use toxic soil and bait traps. Toxic soil preparation: 35% of endosulfan per acre 0.5-1.5 kg, 15 kg of soil, mixed in the roots of the seedlings; poison bait preparation: 1 kg per acre with fried fragrant cake, plus 35 grams of trichlorfon, with water Mix well and sprinkle on the side of the ravioli, on a furrow or ridge. Ground pest control methods: Codonopsis on the ground pest is red spider, which usually occurs in July, can be used 40% Leko cream 1000-1500 times liquid spray.
8, Codonopsis pilosula harvesting and processing of three-year direct harvesting field, transplanting the field after planting two years of harvest growth, for the goods Codonopsis on the ground withered to frozen before harvest, but before and after the White Dew Festival The best quality in the harvest. When harvesting, remove the scaffold first, cut the vine, and then scoop up the root, taking care not to injure the root when excavating the root so as to prevent loss of the juice. The roots of the excavated roots are removed from the stems, and the soil is washed. The soil is divided into old, large, medium, and grading groups according to size, length, and coarseness. After drying to dryness, they are slightly hot in boiling water, dried or dried ( Drying can only use micro-fire, the temperature is about 60 °C is appropriate, can not use a fire. Otherwise, easy to bubbling, so that the skin is separated), until the hair is soft, the natural root bar 3-5 times, and then bundled into Keep your hands on the board and press it again and continue to dry. The Codonopsis pilosula has a fine, firm, fleshy texture that is good for storage. The number of management hours should not be too much, do not use too much force, otherwise it will become fritters, lower quality. Every time after processing or consulting, it must be aired, not stacked, in order to avoid fermentation, affecting quality. After processing, Codonopsis pilosula is stoutly rooted, has a firm texture, is oily, and has a strong smell.
2, Codonopsis medical treatment Codonopsis sweet, flat, spleen, lung. It has the effect of supplementing Qi and Qi, boosting the spleen and benefiting the lungs, and quenching thirst. For the treatment of spleen and lung weakness, spleen and stomach weakness, lack of lung, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, eat less loose stools, cough, cough, internal heat Diabetes, weakness and other symptoms. It is a common nourishing and potent medicine.
3, the biological characteristics of Codonopsis Codonopsis adaptability, warm and cool climate. Different growth stages have different requirements for moisture, temperature, and sunlight. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 18-20°C. The seedlings are pleasing to the shade and the plants are happy. They can tolerate high temperatures of 33°C and can also be used at -30°C. Safe winter. Root rot is prone to occur when the drainage is unfavorable and the temperature is high and humidity is high. Codonopsis is a deep-rooted plant, the soil PH 6.5-7.0 is appropriate, avoid continuous cropping, generally should be planted again every 3-4 years, the former took the leguminous, gramineous crops as well. The seed germination rate of Codonopsis pilosula by 3-year-old plants is high, generally more than 90%, and the germination rate is reduced when stored for one year at room temperature, and the seed will lose the germination rate when smoked or exposed to salt during storage.
4. Codonopsis pilosula cultivation and management Codonopsis is a deep-rooted plant, should be selected for deep, loose and fertile, well-drained sandy loam soil cultivation, should not be planted in drought-prone and low-lying land. Nursery sites should be selected near the water source, the soil more moist land; transplanted land should be selected higher ground, well-drained land in order to prevent the spread of root rot. To cultivate Codonopsis ginseng with wasteland, we should clear the trees and weeds in the autumn of the first year, dry them, dry them up, and apply them to the fields. Then we plow 30 centimeters, and then we will level and level them according to the requirements of nursery or transplanting. Or ridges. Generally nursery to do crickets, width 1.2-1.3 meters, depending on the topography and terrain, in order to facilitate the drainage, low-lying sorghum, dry land to do flat rake, generally rake height 15 cm, rake and rake spacing of about 30 cm; Transplanting land should be suitable for ridges, generally ridge width 50-60 cm. The cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula by using ripe land should also be carried out in autumn, autumn, autumn, autumn, autumn, autumn, or autumn, to avoid spring drought, which is not conducive to emergence. The use of ripening cultivation should be combined with 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre.
Seeds can be broadcast live in spring and autumn. It is better to broadcast seedlings in autumn, and it is best to make hoeing or ridge preparation in autumn in the spring of the first year in order to facilitate the preservation of grasshoppers. Autumn sowing begins in early October and finishes before freezing. Spring sowing occurs from late March to early April. Sowing or drilling is generally adopted. In order to promote seed germination and seedling growth, it is best to soak the seeds of Codonopsis pilosula with 50 ppm gibberellin solution for 6 hours before sowing, and then remove the seeds and rinse them with water to dry them. The germination rate can be increased by 115.3%. Due to the small seeds of Codonopsis pilosula, in order to evenly sow and not be blown away by the wind during sowing, the seed is mixed well with plant ash, fine sand or fine soil before sowing. Spreading: Spread the crushed seeds evenly on the surface of pods, then cover with a layer of thin soil to cover the seeds. Then cover a layer of mountain grass, with a seed quantity of 2-2.5 kg per acre; Slabs are planted at a distance of 20 cm, or a shallow ditch is laid on the entire surface of the plant. The row spacing is 20 cm and the sowing area is 10 cm. The well-mixed seeds are evenly planted in the ditch, covered with fine soil, and slightly suppressed. Cover mountain grass again, use 1.5-2 kg per acre; ridge sowing: open a shallow ditch on the well-developed ridges, and then sow the ditch evenly in the ditch, cover the fine soil, and suppress it slightly. . Codonopsis pilosula cultivates seedlings, and sowing time and seeding method are the same as live broadcast. The nursery can be planted in the fall or spring in 1 year. Generally, 1 mu can be transplanted and 5-8 mu can be transplanted. Transplanting in spring should be carried out before the germination, from late March to early April. In the autumn transplanting, in the middle of October, before the soil is frozen, it is better to transplant in the autumn. It is best to choose cloudy or dry nights for transplanting. Soil drought should be properly watered 1-2 days before digging, keep the soil moist, so as not to hurt the seedlings. Transplanting should be planted along with the planting; if it is necessary to carry out the long-distance transportation, the codonopsis seedlings should be packed in wooden boxes or cartons. When the boxes are packaged, the buds will face inwards and the roots will face the wall of the box so as not to damage the spores on the way. They cannot be planted on the day after shipment. To be implanted. Ridge planting: In the ridge along the ridge open 15-20 cm deep ditch, according to the planting distance 8-10 cm oblique planting, cover soil 5-7 cm, timely suppression after planting pods; hoe planting: in the pod surface spacing of 20 cm open Groove, ditch deep according to the size of the planting, and generally not suitable for volume nesting roots, planting 8-10 cm plant spacing or oblique planting, cover soil 3-5 cm, after planting a little suppression. If the spring planting is too late, Codonopsis saplings have been unearthed. When transplanting, the stems and leaves need to be exposed outside the soil. After the planting, the mountain grass or straw, wheat oranges shall be covered in time, and then watered. After 3-5 days, the seedlings will be covered again. Removed material, loose loose topsoil. In addition to planting, corn and wheat can be used for grain and drug intercropping; intercropping with Coptis, Fritillaria, Asarum and other drugs. The specific approach is: planting corn, or wheat, in the nursery place next to the corn seedling height of about 30 cm or wheat seedling height of about 6 cm, will be evenly spread Codonopsis seeds sowed in the soil, by the shade of corn leaves and wheat leaves In the autumn or spring, transplant 1-2 years of Codonopsis pilosula seedlings next to Coptis, Fritillaria, and Asarum. When the seedlings of Codonopsis pilosula are about 30 cm tall, use bamboo sticks to hang the vines, and then twist the stems into berberine, mother of pearl, and thin seeds. Symplectic shade. It is also possible to use piled cultivating and planting of Codonopsis pilosula in front of the house, and the yield is good.
5. Codonopsis management in the fields (1) Coverage: After live broadcasting of Tiandiao and Yumiaotian Spring, in order to protect the earthworms, they will help the emergence of seedlings. The grass shall be covered and the grass shall not be thick enough to achieve a degree of moisture retention. When the seedlings emerge, the grass will be removed. An arbours shelter should be set up in the hot southern seedlings to avoid glare.
(2) Watering: After the spring sowing, we must keep the surface moist, which will help the seeds germinate and emerge. When the seedlings grow, they should be watered in time for the drought. The watering time should be before 8 o'clock in the morning and after 3 o'clock in the afternoon.
(3) Weeding of the seedlings: weeding of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings to prevent herbicides; when the seedlings grow to 5-7 cm in height, the seedlings are planted at a spacing of 3 cm, and the seedlings are planted in conjunction with the seedlings in areas where the seedlings are severe; The seedlings should be divided into two sub-seedlings. The time and density of the first seedlings should be the same as that of the nursery field. The second sub-seedlings should be carried out after the spring of the second spring. The seedlings are planted at a spacing of 5 to 7 centimeters. Supplement planting.
(4) Defoliation and cultivating ridges: For the transplanted fields or live plots over 2 years old, timely weeding and ripping shall be performed. During the general growth period, weeding may be performed 3-4 times. The ridge cultivation shall be performed from late July to mid-August. After cultivating the ridges and wilting plants on the ground at the end of the autumn, they should be smashed once and then ridged again.
(5) Top-dressing: Codonopsis pilosula is a hi-fat plant. In mid-July, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate and 15 kg of superphosphate were mixed and used for each mu. Topdressing method: Open a 6 cm deep ditch at the root of the line between the rows and apply fertilizer to the soil.
(6) Stretching: When the height of the seedling is 30 cm, use a branch or a thin bamboo rod to intervene between the rows to guide the stem and vine to wind on, in order to facilitate ventilation, light transmission, and promote the growth of Codonopsis.
(7) Protection against cold: Planting Codonopsis pilosula in a severe cold region should be covered with cold soil after the end of the fall to prevent cold damage, and the second year of the spring will be removed before the winter buds sprout of the Codonopsis.
(8) Clean up the pastoral area: After wilting in the upper part of the Codonopsis pilosula, clear the stems and leaves of the stubble plants, remove the erection materials, and use the 50% carbendazim 800-1000 times solution for pastoral disinfection to reduce the spread of disease.
6. Seed harvesting generally chooses three-year-old plants for leave farming. From late September to early October, the skin of most fruits turns yellow, and when the seeds turn brown, they can be harvested. Because the maturation period of Codonopsis pilosula seeds is inconsistent, it must be followed as it is cooked to prevent the peeling of the cracked seeds of the shell.
7. Codonopsis and Pest Control The main diseases of Codonopsis are root rot, rust, and purple feather disease.
Root rot: The pathogen is a fungus in the fungus, divided into two types of chronic onset and acute onset. Chronic type, onset in the middle and late May. A dark purple spot appears on the lower fibrous roots or lateral roots in the early stage of disease, and then turns black and decays. After the disease spreads to the main root, it gradually rots from the bottom up. Most of the remaining non-erosive parts are mostly semi-parametric ones, and the parts that are close to the decay are dark brown, and the stems and leaves of the shoots gradually turn yellow, causing them to die. The acute type mostly begins in mid-to-late June. When the roots are infected, the entire roots of the roots begin to attack at the same time. The water is stained, the texture becomes soft, and the vascular bundle becomes light brown. A small amount of gray moldy material was seen on the rotted part.
Prevention and control measures: implement crop rotation and avoid heavy cropping; carefully select seeds before sowing, remove disease types, disinfect seeds, use robust and disease-free Codonopsis plants as transplanting seedlings, and prepare for drainage and flood prevention in rainy season; Dinitrogen dispersant spray 200 times, or use 50% Tuzet WP wet 1500 times solution.
Rust: Harms leaves, stems and tore parts. Leaf lesions are light brown with yellow halos around them. The lesions on the back of the leaves rose, and the summer spores were orange-yellow; later on, a large number of summer spores were scattered. The lesions are larger at the stem and receptacle. In the Northeast and North China, the incidence is heavier in the autumn.
Preventive measures: timely clean up the garden; the early onset of powder spraying chlorinated 300 times; 50% dinitrate 200 times or 200 times the enemy rust sodium, once every 7-10 days, even 2-3 times.
Purple feather disease: first fibrous root disease, and then infected to the main root, the roots of the disease appear purple table thread fungus, and finally covered with the whole root, so that the root from the outside to the inside gradually rot or slag, and finally the root into a dark brown Empty shell. The onset began in early July and the onset of disease occurred in August. The duration of disease damage in the field was longer; in the summer, during hot and rainy seasons, the damage was severe.
Preventive measures: cultivate disease-free saplings; treat the soil with 40% carbendazim gel suspension 500 times or 25% carbendazim wettable powder 300 pounds per square meter; use 40% more before transplanting 30 minutes of soaking of roots with a 300-fold solution of eumylin gum suspension, and drying after slightly drying.
The pests that injure Codonopsis are cockroaches, tigers, dragonflies and red spiders. Underground pests are crickets, tigers, and earthworms; groundworms have spider mites.
Underground pest control methods: Use toxic soil and bait traps. Toxic soil preparation: 35% of endosulfan per acre 0.5-1.5 kg, 15 kg of soil, mixed in the roots of the seedlings; poison bait preparation: 1 kg per acre with fried fragrant cake, plus 35 grams of trichlorfon, with water Mix well and sprinkle on the side of the ravioli, on a furrow or ridge. Ground pest control methods: Codonopsis on the ground pest is red spider, which usually occurs in July, can be used 40% Leko cream 1000-1500 times liquid spray.
8, Codonopsis pilosula harvesting and processing of three-year direct harvesting field, transplanting the field after planting two years of harvest growth, for the goods Codonopsis on the ground withered to frozen before harvest, but before and after the White Dew Festival The best quality in the harvest. When harvesting, remove the scaffold first, cut the vine, and then scoop up the root, taking care not to injure the root when excavating the root so as to prevent loss of the juice. The roots of the excavated roots are removed from the stems, and the soil is washed. The soil is divided into old, large, medium, and grading groups according to size, length, and coarseness. After drying to dryness, they are slightly hot in boiling water, dried or dried ( Drying can only use micro-fire, the temperature is about 60 °C is appropriate, can not use a fire. Otherwise, easy to bubbling, so that the skin is separated), until the hair is soft, the natural root bar 3-5 times, and then bundled into Keep your hands on the board and press it again and continue to dry. The Codonopsis pilosula has a fine, firm, fleshy texture that is good for storage. The number of management hours should not be too much, do not use too much force, otherwise it will become fritters, lower quality. Every time after processing or consulting, it must be aired, not stacked, in order to avoid fermentation, affecting quality. After processing, Codonopsis pilosula is stoutly rooted, has a firm texture, is oily, and has a strong smell.
Small Starch Separator Machine
Small Starch Separator Machine,Industrial Starch Production,Starch Separator Machine,Starch Vibration Separator Machine
Shuangfeng County Dingyuan Machinery Manufacturing Co. Ltd.. , http://www.starchseparator.com