1. The cylinder sleeve and piston clearance are too large. The clearance between the piston and the cylinder sleeve is too large. The piston swings in the cylinder and strikes the cylinder wall. The piston ring pressure on the cylinder sleeve increases in the direction of the crank movement plane, causing the cylinder sleeve to wear unevenly and the piston ring is affected. Inequality breaks. 2. The backlash of the piston ring is too large, and the backlash and backlash are too small. The backlash of the piston ring is too large. The impact between the ring and the ring groove is intensified, accelerating wear, and the ring is severed when severe. Taking the 195 diesel engine as an example, the first air ring clearance is 0.05 mm to 0.095 mm, and the other rings are 0.03 mm to 0.07 mm. The wear limit is 0.18 mm. The backlash of the piston ring is too small. Under the influence of the high pressure and high temperature and the effect of carbon deposition, the wear resistance of the ring and the cylinder liner is increased, so that the lubricant film is reduced, and the ring and the cylinder sleeve are broken, resulting in the breakage of the piston ring. 3. The reason for the cylinder liner finish or the poor filter performance of the air cleaner 1 and the deterioration and deterrence of the lubricant and the long-term overloading work; the shock wave of the combustion gas explosion and the relative between the piston and the cylinder liner and the cylinder liner and the airframe Vibration, cylinder liner material micro-holes, grooves, etc., the shock wave in a relatively short period of time by repeated strong impact, so that the metal surface to produce fatigue damage and appear grooves. As a result, the liner finish deteriorated and the piston ring was broken. 2 Pull cylinder refers to the appearance of some shades on the working surface of the inner wall of the cylinder liner. The reason for this is that the clearance between the piston and the cylinder sleeve is too small or the opening of the piston ring is too small. When the engine is running, the piston ring can easily get stuck in the cylinder and cause cylinder pull; the elastic force of the piston ring is too large, which increases the friction between the ring and the cylinder wall. The oil film is reduced or the oil film cannot be formed and the oil film is not formed. The cylinder is broken and the piston ring is broken. The engine has a long period of high temperature and overload operation, resulting in overheating, which causes the oil film on the cylinder wall to be damaged, and the lubrication condition deteriorates to produce a pull cylinder. Piston ring. 4. The piston deflects too much inside the cylinder, resulting in ellipticity and taper. The upper part has a step phenomenon. The working surface of the inner wall of the cylinder liner often forms uneven wear beyond the limit in the piston ring movement area, generally forming a taper in the reciprocating direction. In the direction of irregular oval shape, in the position of the largest wear cylinder liner, ellipticity is also often the largest, the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring does not contact the wear part, resulting in obvious wear steps, in the power stroke pressure of the gas pressure The downward movement of the piston at the bottom dead center is converted from reciprocating to rotation. The pressure of the piston ring on the side of the cylinder sleeve is the largest in the direction of the crank motion plane, resulting in eccentric wear of the cylinder liner, that is, the wear amount of the cylinder liner perpendicular to the crankshaft direction is the largest, the crankshaft is bent, and the connecting rod Bending, the centerline of the cylinder sleeve is not perpendicular to the axis of the crankshaft, and the axial clearance of the crankshaft is too large, which can cause the eccentric wear and uneven force of the piston ring and the cylinder sleeve to break. If the bearing clearance is too large, the gap between the piston pin and the connecting rod bushing is too large, and the first air ring is most easily broken when there are obvious wear steps in the upper part of the cylinder liner. (433328 Li Huancai Li Jianyang, Jianba Town Agricultural Machinery Management Station, Jianli County, Hubei Province)
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