Sclerotinia is a fungal disease of the genus Ascomycota in the genus Ascomycota. In recent years, the harm caused by vegetables has been increasing year by year. It is harmful to lettuce, celery, eggplant, pepper, cucumber, leeks, spinach, cabbage, cabbage and other vegetables, especially the cultivated varieties above, the disease is more serious, causing serious economic losses to vegetable farmers. First, the hazard characteristics cruciferous vegetables to stay in the field of the roots generally occur in the formation of gray lesions until rot, causing the upper dehydration wilting. Solanaceae seedlings usually invade the stem and leaves first, then the leaves are infected by contact, resulting in dead seeds. Among them, eggplant is the most susceptible, tomato is the second, and big pepper is the lightest. After planting, the stems and branches of the plant were generally found to be sick at the tillers, and were initially water-stained. The lesions circled the stems for 1 week, causing the entire plant or local branches to lose water and wilt, until they died. Under appropriate conditions, the disease minister produced a cotton-like mycelium. After about 1 week, the mycelium was integrated and the mycelium was loosened and tightened. Finally, the rat fecal nucleus was formed. At this time, a prominent feature of Sclerotinia symptoms. Cucumber and tomato are mainly damaged during the fruiting period, causing the fruit's wet rot. Lettuce generally begins at the junction of the stem and stem of the stem and at the tip of the leaf blade. It begins to rot after watering. The celery invades from the base of the stem and then spreads around, resulting in the loss of water in the upper part and wilting and rot. The lesions are grayish white with brown moire, and sclerotia grow later. Second, the incidence of sclerotinia source of the appropriate temperature for the development of about 20 °C, relative humidity more than 85%, therefore, the occurrence of the disease in the local greenhouse vegetables from November to May next year, three eggplant seedlings, spring planting greenhouses Lettuce and celery peaked in March. Cruciferae stay at the peak of the field in April. Another rule is that the old ward starts from the upper winter shed and occurs about two months after sowing or planting. In this case, continuous rain and rain, the humidity in the shed is high, and the disease will occur greatly. The degree of harm is positively related to the rainy day and the air humidity in the onset period. Third, prevention and control strategies Sclerotinia mainly in sclerotia remains in the soil or mixed in the seeds, sickness and overwintering over the summer. The source of infection in the old ward is mainly the sclerotia in the soil. The new ward is mainly composed of sclerotia mixed in the seed and reinfected. Therefore, integrated prevention and control technologies are used for prevention and control. 1. Use sterile seed and seed treatment. The disease-free plants were selected for seeding, and seeds or seeds purchased were mixed with sclerotia and diseased bodies for seed treatment. Specific methods are: 1 soaking in warm water: soaking in warm water at 55°C for 10 minutes, keeping the water temperature constant, and continuously stirring the seeds. 2 Salt water selection: Before sowing or soaking, use 10% saline to select the floating sclerotia and remove the impurities. The selected seeds should be rinsed with fresh water several times before use. 2. Seedbed soil disinfection. Three seedlings were sown before sowing, 50% thiophanate or 40% carbendazim and fine soil were mixed 1:30 times, and were evenly sprinkled on the surface of the nursery bed to disinfect the soil to control the occurrence of sclerotia at the seedling stage. 3. Reasonable water and fertilizer management. The severity of Sclerotinia occurred, and humidity was the deciding factor. During the epidemic season, the management of the vegetables in the open cultivation is focused on clearing the ditch and draining water. Greenhouses are mainly ventilated and dehumidified. The soil drought should be filled with water when it needs to be watered, and avoid flooding. Increase the amount of ventilation after pouring, adhere to the plant not dry shed, in order to worsen the environmental conditions of the disease. Fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer as the main basal fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer, enhance plant resistance, reduce the probability of infection of the source of the disease. 4. Cover the mulch. In the old wards, the vegetables planted in spring and autumn were covered with black mulch as much as possible to suppress the normal development of the asccus discs, and at the same time, the contact probability of the source springs and plants was reduced, and the occurrence of diseases was suppressed. 5. Rational rotation, clean the pastoral. Disease-resistant vegetable varieties and disease-resistant varieties of crop rotation, conditional implementation of flood and dry rotation. After the middle and late stages of vegetable growth, the lower diseased leaves, old leaves, diseased melons, and diseased fruits were promptly removed and moved deep outside the field to reduce the bacterium source of infection or re-infestation and enhance the ventilation and light transmittance. 6. Chemical control. At the beginning of the disease, medication is used to prevent and treat it. It is usually sprayed after dew on dry days. Pharmacy use 58% Lei Duomi 600 times, or 70% of the quick-Like 1000 times, or 50% Paprohya 1000 times, spray once every 5 to 7 days, and even spray 2 to 3 times. In case of continuous rainy days, 45% quick-silk aerosols or chlorothalonil and sulfasyn-based aerosols can be used in greenhouses, and evenly placed in sheds in the evening to ignite and seal the greenhouses. The next day, the sheds are opened for normal work. The above method can effectively control the spread of Sclerotinia.
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