In many areas of our country, due to the large number of people, the surplus labor force is difficult to transfer and the rural economy is developing slowly. Revitalizing the local economy, rationally and fully utilizing land resources and labor force, and increasing the output benefits per unit area are the main ways to promote the current rural economic development. The adoption of the triple-cultivation cultivation mode can greatly increase the output efficiency per unit area and is worth promoting.
I. Analysis of the benefits of three-matured model of strawberry, big greens, and cantaloupe
In recent years, a large area of ​​strawberry, big greens, and melons has been successfully cultivated in the Luohe area of ​​Henan Province. The successful trials of the three-matured cultivation model of the strawberry, the promotion of planting in Linyi in 2000, and the good economic benefits have been obtained. The average annual yield of the strawberry is 3000 kg per mu. , The output value of 12,000 yuan; produce 2000 kg of melon, planting 4,000 yuan; produce 1000 kg of vegetables, the output value of 500 yuan. Accumulated annual output value of 16,500 yuan.
The cultivation techniques of the second and third-maturing models
1. The selection of breeds is mainly based on the characteristics of fertility, the length of flower bud differentiation and market conditions. Strawberries can be used in short dormancy varieties; vegetables are selected from Shanghai Qing, parsley, spinach and other leafy vegetables; Guxiang melons are mainly used for light skin varieties.
2, planting methods and cornice arrangements (1) strawberry cultivation: greenhouse early-maturing high-yield planting should be in late August or early September before and after the specific time of planting should be based on the actual situation. Basal fertilizer is mainly composed of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, generally 5000-8000 kg per acre, inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 40-50 kg, 200 kg of cooked cake fat. After the basal fertilizer is evenly spread, the fertilizer and the soil are mixed evenly with a rotary cultivator to make rakes, which are generally north-south rakes. It is 15-20 centimeters tall, 40-50 centimeters wide, and 90-110 centimeters apart. The specifications and standards for earthworms should be determined according to the conditions of watering. The crucibles with drip irrigation facilities should be as wide and wide as possible, and those without drip irrigation facilities should be used as low and narrow crucibles.
(2) Planting of big greens: After the strawberries are completely alive, pour appropriate water for each pot and spread the seeds of big green vegetables over the ground. Then cover some fine soil. Until the vegetables grow two dicots, they are poured with water once again. At this time, no fertilizer may be applied and watered as appropriate.
(3) Cultivation of Muskmelon: In early February, it was planted in a nutrient bowl and placed directly into a trench. The upper cover agricultural film was used to regulate the temperature and humidity. When the melon seedlings were planted in two rows of strawberries, the distance was 40. cm. At this time, the high strawberry production period, while the melon or the seedling stage, have little effect on each other.
3. Field Management (1) Strawberry Field Management: The entire growing season requires frequent picking of old leaves. If the basal fertilizer is sufficient, the first fruit will not be fertilized. When the fruit grows to the size of the fingers, each shed (50 square meters) can be topped with NPK fertilizer compound fertilizer by 5 kg, after the shed, before flowering. It is best to spray several foliar fertilizers and multiple trace element fertilizers. The temperature management generally adopts the principles of high early stage and low stage later. The temperature before budding is kept at 28-32°C and the night temperature is at 12-15°C. The bud temperature is maintained at 25-28°C and the night temperature is 10- 12°C; temperature during flowering is maintained at 22-25°C, night temperature is 8-10°C; temperature during fruit enlargement is maintained at 18-23°C, night temperature is 7-9°C, but minimum temperature is not lower than 5°C .
If the temperature during flowering is too high, when it reaches 30°C or more, some flowers will be burned. The temperature should be reduced in time. The temperature should not be too high at night. Otherwise, the fruit color will turn faster and the fruit will mature when the fruit is small, which will reduce the quality of the strawberries and reduce the benefits. . In addition, excessive humidity during flowering, pollen is not easy to spread, pollination rate is low, easy to form deformed fruit, and prone to gray mold. Therefore, when watering, it is necessary to do a sunny and small water diligently, and at noon on a sunny day, the air is released to release moisture, and at night, the air is released to reduce the humidity.
(2) Management of large green vegetables: We must keep the ground moist, apply water twice with a fertilizer, and harvest when the vegetables grow to 4-6 leaves. At the latest when the strawberries are in bloom, they should be cleaned.
(3) Muskmelon Management: After the muskmelon planting, it can be sprayed with thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500-times solution. When the melon plant grows to 5-6 leaves, the vines are cinched and sprayed every 10 days. A bactericidal agent can be used for pruning at this time. The vines in sections 1 to 12 are completely removed. The twigs from 13th to 15th cover the two leaves topping and the vines more than 15 ft. are removed. 25 Seasoning topping. Muskmelon has a short flowering period and must be timely flowered (pollination). When the fruit grows to the size of the egg, thinning and thinning can be carried out, leaving only one melon per plant.
The temperature and humidity management of the previous period depends on the temperature required by the strawberry. When the melon blossoms, the temperature is maintained at 25-28°C during the day and 10°C during the night. Wait until the melons mature 7 days before their maturity and maintain a period of high temperature during the day until they are mature. At this time, attention should be paid to controlling watering and minimize watering or watering. The night temperature should be lowered at the same time, which will increase the temperature difference between day and night to improve the quality of the fruit. At this time, it is the latter part of the strawberry. The management of temperature and humidity of the melon should be the mainstay. It should be kept at 30-35°C during the day and the night air outlet should be fully open.
4, the main pest control
(1) Strawberry gray mold, buds, etc.; can use chlorothalonil aerosol or 100-speed fuming agent, can also be used before flowering 65% dexamethasone WP 500 times, 50% speed Ke Ling 800 times the night.
(2) Large green vegetables: mainly greenworms and aphids. Available with 100% solution of sulfuric acid or 500 times the hero.
(3) Melon Powdery Mildew: Available 7% thiophanate-methyl 600-800 times, 40% polyphosphoric acid suspension 800 times; downy mildew, available 72% mildewine disease net 800-1000 times, 58 5% of formazan Mn-Zn 500 times; root rot in the seedling stage is irrigated with agricultural streptomycin, green hen No. 1 or thiophanate-methyl.
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