The annual output of straw in China is 5.5-600 million tons. Rice straw and wheat straw are the two major crop straws in China and are potentially huge feed resources for ruminant livestock. However, the digestibility of crop straw is low, generally only 35% to 50%, which limits rumination. The primary factor in the utilization of straw by domestic animals is that low digestibility can also result in a decline in feed intake. The use of urea, calcium hydroxide and salt (abbreviated as "Sanhua") for chemical treatment of straw (straw) can increase the nutritional value of the straw and its fattening effect on beef cattle. Wheat straw (straw) is the straw that is harvested from the grain and is selected from clean undisturbed air-dried wheat straw (straw), with a moisture content of 10% to 20%, and pods as short as 2 to 3 cm. The nitrogen content of urea used for straw treatment was 46%. (I) Wheat straw (straw) treatment method 1. Ammonia and brine treatment combined with wheat straw (straw): According to every 100 kilograms, 3.2 kg of urea is taken from the straw and 1 kg of salt is dissolved in 50 kg of water to make a urea solution. The straw (straw) is placed layer by layer in the cement pool, each layer is filled with a thickness of 20 cm to 30 cm, and the urea solution is sprayed on the grass. The straw is covered with a plastic cloth, and the soil is pressed and sealed around the earth and sealed. After 30 days, the ammonia was opened in the open pond and taken out for drying for 1 to 2 days before feeding. 2. "Sinhua" compound treatment of wheat straw (straw): Take urea 2.5 kg per 100 kg of straw, 1 kg of salt dissolved in 50 kg of water, and then add 2.5 kg of lime to make a suspension, and the remaining operations and feeding methods Ammonification is the same. 3. Alkalization and ammoniation combined treatment of wheat straw (straw): Take urea 2.5 kg per 100 kg of straw, dissolved in 50 kg of water, and then add 2.5 kg of lime to make a suspension, the remaining operation and feeding methods and ammoniation The same method. (b) Method of feeding compounded straws to beef cattle Each time, each group first fed the corresponding straws (half rice straw and half wheat straw), and then mixed fine concentrates (2.5 kg per head per day) with distillers grains (per 1.2 kg (1.2 kg/day) of the first batch). Mix the feed and finally add the corresponding straw to the tank and eat freely to ensure that there is still a slight surplus on the second day of feeding. The mixed concentrate consisted of 1.5 kg of corn, 0.4 kg of bran, 0.55 kg of bean cake, 25 g each of salt and stone powder. (III) Effect of compounded straw on beef cattle According to the experiment, the average feed intake per cow straw was followed by “three-in-three†compound treatment (6.32 kg), alkalized amination combined treatment group (6.23 kg), and ammonia The saline group (5.88 kg) and the control group (5.18 kg) were increased by 22.0%, 7.5%, and 1.4%, respectively, in the "Sanhua" group compared with the control group, the ammoniated saline group, and the alkalinized amination group. The ammoniated composite treatment group was increased by 20.3% and 5.9% respectively compared with the control group and the ammoniated saline group; the ammoniated saline group was increased by 13.5% compared with the control group. The daily weight gains were in the order of “three treatments†combined treatment group, alkalized amination combined treatment group, ammoniated saline group, and control group, in which the “three†group was compared with the control group, ammoniated saline group, alkalized ammoniation compound The treatment group increased by 48.10% (P<0.01), 18.18% (P<0.05), and 4.46% (P>0.05) respectively; the alkalized amination combined treatment group increased by 39.24% compared with the control group and the ammoniated saline group ( P<0.01) and 11.11% (P<0.05); the ammoniated saline group increased by 25.32% compared with the control group (P<0.05). According to the efficiency of feed conversion, the three treatment groups, the alkalization and amination combined treatment group, the ammoniated saline group and the control group were used. The concentration of the concentrate/weight gain and the straw/weight gain of the “three-treatment†composite treatment group were reduced by 32.59% and 16.44%, 15.47% and 7.61%, and 6.57%, respectively, compared with the control group, the ammoniated saline group, and the alkalinized amination combined treatment group. And 2.54%. The order of profit on each day was in the order of “three treatments†combined treatment group, alkalized amination combined treatment group, ammoniated saline group and control group. The order of increase in profit per kilogram of beef cattle was in the order of alkalized amination combined treatment group, "three" compound treatment group, ammoniated saline group and control group. The "three-in-three" compound treatment method of straw significantly improved the structure of straw fiber, and improved the digestibility and nutritional value of straw. The "three-in-one" straw treatment has a soft texture and aroma, improving palatability and increasing feed intake. At the same time, the weight gain rate and feed conversion rate have been increased, and the economic benefits have been significantly improved. Alkaline ammoniated composite treatment and ammoniated saltwater treatment straw combine the advantages of alkalization, ammoniation, and salination. Under similar nutrient levels, ammoniated saline treatment straw and alkaline ammoniated composite treatment of straw, straw Food intake, daily weight gain, unit weight gain, consumption of concentrate decreased. Therefore, ammoniation + salinization, alkalization + amination is more effective than a single treatment of straw processing method, which added salt water can not be ignored.
Amy Hookah ,Shisha Hookah,Zinc Alloy Hookah
Fenghua Jade Motor Co., Ltd. , http://www.qiuzanhookah.com