Predicting the side effects of a drug is not an easy task. More than 1,500 disease-related molecules are known in the human body, and drugs designed for these targets often attack other similar structures, with unintended consequences.
A joint research team at the University of North Carolina and the University of California has developed a tool to help predict the side effects of drugs by examining all possible interactions in the human body. The tool reveals the side effects of the anti-AIDS drug, the rescriptor, which is inadvertently targeted to a hormone receptor called histamine H4, which causes severe rash symptoms.
A team led by Brian Ross of the University of North Carolina and Brian Shawchett of the University of California found that both the antidepressant Prozac and Paxil are similar to beta blockers. Both can be used to treat high blood pressure, which may explain some of the side effects common to these different classes of drugs.
The researchers predict that there are 1,800 new "off-target" associations (meaning effects outside the drug's main goal), and they have confirmed 23 of them after extensive testing. The research results were published in the new issue of Zui's Nature.
The researchers revealed their interactions after comparing 3665 existing and experimental drugs with more than 65,000 compounds that can be combined with hundreds of human proteins. The strong similarity between these drugs and any of the 65,000 compounds indicates that they are all likely to bind to the same protein.
The researchers said that in addition to making the screening of drug toxic reactions easier, the method will make it possible to find other therapeutic targets for existing drugs.
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