In the greenhouse culture of soft-shelled turtles, due to poor ventilation conditions, small water changes, the ponds are relatively closed, making the pool water eutrophic and aging, thus affecting the normal growth of turtles. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the quality management of turtle pond water in winter greenhouse culture to reduce the disease and increase the survival rate of turtle. Based on the years of farming experience of the Bengbu Aquatic High Tech Company in Anhui Province and the testing indicators of the Testing Center, the water quality management techniques for greenhouse cultured turtles are introduced as follows:
1 Adhere to the scientific method of feeding, reduce water pollution
When constructing a pond, build a bait table slightly above the water surface on the north side of the cultured turtle pond, and repair a 10~20cm diameter ditches between the bait table and the pool water to reduce the bait to the water due to the turtle eating and running. Causes contamination of the bait. At the same time, it is beneficial to remove the residual bait, and the sewage washing the bait table can be discharged to the outside of the pool along the ditch to reduce water pollution. After the immature turtles enter the pool, they should be domesticated for a certain period of time and let them feed to the table. Feed feeding should adhere to the "four fixed", timing: 9:00 am, 4:00 pm, each feeding, so that the turtles develop the habit of eating on time; Quantitative: according to the daily eating situation and water quality changes, the general daily dosage The weight of the turtle is 3%~5%, and it is best to eat it within 1h. Positioning: The compound feed is made into a slender strip and is attached to the table. The quality is fed with full-price compound feed and supplemented by Fresh bait to prevent feeding of spoiled feed.
2 transplant aquatic plants, fertilize water to cultivate plankton, and rationally match benthos
Transplanting some green plants such as water hyacinth and duckweed in the armored fish pond can absorb harmful substances, reduce the deterioration of water quality, control the water and fertilizer of the pool, and provide a good sheltering ecological environment for the soft-shelled turtles. . This is because green plants can absorb carbon dioxide from the water and release oxygen, which purifies the water and purifies the air in the shed. At the same time, you can also cultivate plankton with fertilizer and water, and properly match benthos. Before the young turtles enter the pool, the disinfected water will be sprayed with 3~5g of compound fertilizer (such as diamine phosphate) evenly with 1m3 of water. At the same time, the introduction of algae species (water containing more green algae) 5~8L. After 1 week, the water gradually turned green, and then some water rafts were introduced and placed in the pool. After the juveniles enter the pool, if the breeding pond is large, a part of alfalfa and squid can be placed (the ratio is 3:1), so that phytoplankton, bacteria and aquatic plants can purify the water by absorbing the nutrients in the water, and the squid is plankton. And bacteria for food, phytoplankton and bacteria provide natural bait for turtles. This cycle is repeated to purify the water.
3 Strengthen daily management
According to the weather conditions, the ventilation holes are opened every day at noon to facilitate ventilation and ventilation, so that harmful gases can escape and add fresh air to the room. Clean the table every day to prevent the turtle from eating the spoilage residue. An aeration setting can be added to the pool to increase oxygen and accelerate water flow in the pool to improve water quality. Chlorine preparations such as chlorine dioxide are regularly sprayed to kill pathogens and improve water quality. After the drug disappears, some active enzymes or photosynthetic bacteria can be applied to increase the biological purification function in the pool. According to the aging degree of the pool water, a part of the new water is periodically changed. In order to save energy, a stove can be built in the greenhouse, which can increase the room temperature, reduce the evaporation of the pool water, and strengthen the light in the shed, which is beneficial to the photosynthesis and growth of aquatic plants in the pool. It can also be used to set a large bucket on the fire wall. When the temperature of the pool water is the same, extract some of the bottom water and add new water to prevent the water from aging.
4 Regularly check the water quality
The comprehensive testing and testing center tracks and tests the water quality standards to determine whether the water quality is good or bad. It is observed by the naked eye that the good and normal water color of the cultured turtle is oil green or dark brown. If the water quality becomes dark, it becomes black and grayish white, and a thick floating film is formed on the surface, indicating that the water quality has deteriorated. The transparency of the pool water is 25~30cm, and the transparency is too high or too low, which is not conducive to the growth of the turtle. The suitable temperature for turtle growth is 25~35°C, and the most suitable water temperature is 28~30°C. The water quality is comprehensively tested regularly. The routine testing items include: pH value, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, H2S and other indicators. Maintain water quality through comprehensive regulation of water temperature, light and nutrients.
(1) pH value. At low pH, soft-shelled turtles showed increased respiratory rate and decreased activity. At high pH, ​​soft-shelled turtles showed increased mucus secretion and increased ammonia nitrogen toxicity. However, the weak alkaline water quality will inhibit the growth of mold and prevent the occurrence of leukoplakia. The most suitable pH is 7.5~8.5. The adjustment method is to supplement or replace the new water, especially the bottom of the pool; to add a primer such as zeolite powder; to adjust the pH with alum (aluminum sulfate) or gypsum (calcium sulfate) or slaked lime and baking soda.
(2) Dissolved oxygen management measures. The turtle is an amphibious animal that can breathe with both sputum and lungs. When the turtle is breathing in the lungs, it must float on the surface of the water and consume more physical energy. In the long run, the turtle will be thin. The dissolved oxygen is too low, and the water quality deteriorates rapidly. The organic matter such as feces and food residues excreted by the turtle is deposited at the bottom of the pool. These organic substances are decomposed into toxic gases by anaerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, such as CH4, H2S, NH3. Wait. The color of the water body is drastically changed. The feeding of the turtle is reduced, the growth is poor, and it is not active. To maintain the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water is more than 3mg/L. The adjustment measures are to open the aeration pump regularly, check whether the bubble stone is intact, change the water properly, and ensure that there is fresh. Oxygen supply.
(3) Adjustment of ammonia nitrogen. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen is too high, which directly affects the growth of turtles and may even cause acute poisoning death. Since the turtle is cultured in the greenhouse, the indoor environment is relatively poor compared to the outdoor, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the greenhouse pool tends to be relatively high. After several years of measurement, it is found that when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is less than 10mg/L, the young turtle is safe; when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is too high, it must be replaced with a large amount of water, and the water body should be disinfected to prevent the turtle from adapting to the new environment. sick.
(4) H2S. When the pH is lower than 6, 90% of the sulfide in the water exists in the form of H2S, which increases the toxicity of the sulfide. The nitrite should be below 0.025 mg/kg. The solution is to change the water, spill EM bacteria or other water degradation agents, and increase drug disinfection.
5 Notes
(1) Water changes should not be too frequent. Excessive water changes can cause excessive water quality and disturbing turtles.
(2) When planting green plants, it should be noted that first, the aquatic plants in the pool should not be too much, otherwise the light and the normal activities of the turtles will be affected, and oxygen will be consumed at night; the second is to continuously eliminate the old species, cultivate the seedlings, and prevent the plants from dying after death. Water quality, aquatic plant area should not exceed 1/4 of the pool water area.
(3) When applying lime to adjust the pH value, it should be controlled within 0.5, and within the tolerance range, the pH difference should not be greater than 1.
(4) The water temperature of soft-shelled turtles cannot be drastically reduced. At a suitable temperature, the temperature difference of the carapace fish does not exceed 3 °C, and the young and adult turtles do not exceed 5 °C.
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