Freshwater grouper farming techniques

First, the morphological characteristics Freshwater grouper body type is a spinning type, upper mouth. There are eight black lines on each side of the trunk, and there are darker pigment blocks in the center of the vertical black stripes. Pectoral fins are pale yellow, pelvic fins, dorsal fins, and anal fins all have black stripes and caudal fins with black stripes are perpendicular to the body. In addition to black and white stripes, the adult fish surface is slightly yellow, and the body color adapts to changes in the external water environment and during reproduction. When breeding, the males have a darker body color, and the female body has a lighter body color with yellow, pelvic sternum, tail-fin type, and genital process. Juvenile fish eyelids are red, fish eyelids are silvery yellow. The scales are round scales and larger. Side scales are intermittent.
Second, living habits Freshwater grouper is a tropical fish, freshwater growth, but also in the salinity of 10% seawater growth. The optimum temperature range is 25~30°C. When the water temperature drops to 20°C, the food intake is significantly reduced. When the water temperature drops to 15°C, the body loses its balance. Therefore, the area where the pool water falls below 15°C during the winter is not suitable for breeding. Species of fish, unless there is insulation measures. It is better to keep the water temperature above 19°C during the winter. Freshwater grouper is a bottom-level fish that is resistant to hypoxia and has strong disease resistance. Few fish diseases occur in the breeding process. It can be mixed with tilapia and carp to remove small fry in tilapia and carp ponds. , To achieve the purpose of high quality and efficiency.
Third, freshwater grouper is a partial carnivorous fish. The characteristics of carnivorous fish during the fry stage are quite strong. The zooplankton is the main species. Individuals with different disparities will kill each other. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the management of graded ponds when breeding. After the reproduction, the seedlings must be pulled out in time to avoid being swallowed by the broodstock. From the start of fry feeding, artificial diets will be ingested, which can be fed with floating water.
Fourth, the growth of freshwater grouper larvae just hatched larvae 0.58-0.6cm, the cluster in the pool of non-stop movement, in the water temperature 26 ~ 28 °C, the yolk sac disappeared on the sixth day after hatching, larvae swim to The middle and upper layers of water are no longer clustered at the bottom of the pool. After the disappearance of the yolk, the fry can be fed to small zooplankton such as rotifers and cladoceros. After a bit of time, the leeches can be fed, and then the larvae feed on the bait. After a month of cultivation, the body can grow up to 10 centimeters to cultivate the fish into the pond. In the Taiwan region, the young fish ponds with a length of about 10 centimeters during the summer period can reach 500 grams after 6-8 months of breeding. Its maximum weight can reach 1200 grams. In the growth rate, the growth rate of the male is significantly greater than that of the female.
Fifth, the breeding of freshwater grouper can lay eggs in winter. Spawning habits, like tilapia, dig many nests at the bottom of the pond. Spawning is usually in the afternoon, after the spawning females are mainly guarded by fertilized eggs. Males also cooperate with guards, but with the development of embryos, guarding behavior is getting weaker and weaker. Eggs are oval in shape with yellow, dark green yolks, opaque, viscous eggs, and eggs scattered in pool bottoms with little overlap. The females weighing 140 g each lay about 3,000 to 4,000 eggs at a time. At a water temperature of 26°C to 29°C, the fertilized eggs can hatch out of larvae for 48 hours.
Sixth, breeding (a), seed cultivation techniques
1. Requirements for fry: The freshwater grouper fry seedling cultivation pond is preferably made of earthen ponds. It can also use outdoor concrete pools. Generally, the single pond area is 50-100m3, and the water depth is l-1.5 meters. Before fry stocking, the pool water will be drained, and the clear pond will be disinfected thoroughly with lime, and the basic fertilizer will be used to fertilize the water, so that the fish will be able to eat the natural food.
2, fry stocking: fry before stocking, should first test the water. The specifications for stocking in the same pool are neat and uniform. The stocking densities depend on the bait, the breeding technology, and the cultivation specifications. The general stocking density is about 100 fish/m3. Fish should be soaked in salt water for 15-20 minutes before entering the pool.
3. Feeding: When freshwater stone larvae go down in the pond, they feed on the zooplankton. As the fry grows, the food intake increases, and the zooplankton in the pool gradually decreases. At this time, a zooplankton can be cultivated by topdressing, and secondly, soybean milk can be fed. After 15-20 days of cultivation, when the fry reaches more than 3 cm, its diet begins to transform. At this time, the fish can be fed on the food table to tame food. After 2-3 days, a small amount of artificial compound feed is added to feed the fish. Gradually increase the proportion of artificial compound feed, reduce the amount of fish gills, until all use artificial feed. The daily amount of bait is about 20% of the fish's body weight, and it is fed 3 times daily.
4, cultivate management:
(1) Adjusting water quality: During fry breeding, due to fertilization and feeding, the remaining fecal residue bait is most likely to spoil the water quality. For this reason, the water should be changed every 3-5 days, each time the amount of water is changed to pool water. /4. It is also possible to transplant some aquatic plants such as duckweed or water hyacinth in the pool to purify the water and facilitate the hiding and feeding of the fry.
(2) Timely stocking: When there is a big difference in the growth specifications of the fry, because it has a habit of eating too much, it is necessary to screen and raise the stock in time. The same pool of fry, strive to the same specifications, so as not to affect the survival rate of fry.
(3) Day-to-day management: It is mainly a patrol pond. Observe the changes in feeding, activities, and water color of the fry in order to timely adjust the feeding amount and do a good job of preventing fish diseases.
(II) Adult fish breeding techniques: Freshwater grouper may be polycultured, and two methods may be used in the polyculture. First, a small amount of freshwater grouper is mixed in the pond, and the freshwater is mixed in each mu of water. The grouper has about 22-50 tails. After being cultivated for half a year, the average weight can reach more than 300 grams. After one year, the weight of the fish can reach 500 grams. The second is that the main fish is freshwater grouper, and the mixed species are tilapia, grass carp, squid, etc., with 150-200 tails of freshwater grouper and 300 tails of mixed fish per mu. , can also be fed fresh grass, when the pool of zooplankton is insufficient, need a suitable amount of fertilizer to cultivate zooplankton. After half a year of cultivation, the average freshwater grouper can weigh about 200 grams. After being cultivated for one year, it can weigh more than 250 grams.

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