Strawberry Northern Cultivation and Southern Cultivation Techniques
In the strawberry cultivation experiment and production process, the company explored a comprehensive set of highly effective cultivation techniques for strawberry cultivation with the aim of using the northern multiplication strawberry seedlings after flower bud differentiation and transported to the south to achieve “early maturity, high yield, high quality, low cost and high production valueâ€. Each year, 300,000 high-quality strawberry seedlings can be supplied, which are introduced as follows:
First, the selection of planted early maturing varieties: The selection of suitable early mature varieties is the key to ensure high efficiency. From the results of many years of trial planting, Tudela, Ka-Rosa, Sweet Charlie, Calvet, Frankland, Fengxiang, Saga, Ghost and Nurturing, and other species are generally adapted to the coastal areas of Guangdong and Guangxi. In addition to displaying high yield, good quality, and disease resistance, the climate also showed early flower bud differentiation, early flowering, and rapid fruit ripening. Generally, it can be listed in large quantities in early December, and can be used as the preferred variety for early cultivation in open field.
Second, planting quality seedlings: Strawberry quality seedlings standard: plant dwarf, without pests, seedlings weighing more than 25g, short stem thick (more than 0.8cm diameter), the roots developed, large green leaves, full of central buds. When conditions permit, it is best to use high-quality seedlings that have been detoxified by tissue culture. The use of virus-free seedlings generally yields 15% to 30% more than non-detoxified seedlings.
Third, timely early planting, reasonable close planting: Early planting at the right time can ensure that strawberries have enough time for vegetative growth before the flowering results, as soon as possible to form a robust plant, which can enable early flowering strawberry results, early maturation, and access to higher yields. According to experiments, the suitable planting period for strawberry is from late September to mid-October in Guangxi Beihai and Guangdong coastal areas (average daily temperature 25-26 °C). During this period, planting should be done as early as possible. In order to obtain high yields, the plants were planted in a double-row triangular planting manner, with plant spacing (15–28) cm8*30 cm, width 60 cm, width 30 cm, and 8500–9500 plants per 667 plants.
4. Strictly control planting techniques and reduce the rate of dead seedlings: When planting plants, it is imperative to strictly control planting techniques. The first is to grasp the depth of planting. In accordance with the "deep not buried, shallow roots" and "Ning shallow not deep," the principle of planting, so that the height of the seedlings about 0.5cm above the ground is appropriate. According to experiments, the seedling rate of shallow planting can reach 99.5%. The second is to infuse the rooting water in time and cover the shade net to ensure the survival rate. In particular, on sunny days, it is necessary to “plant a section of water for a period of time and cover it for a period of timeâ€. The third is to buy seedlings from the air transportation in the north, and rinse the seedlings with fresh water before planting so as to facilitate the survival. The fourth is a kind of logistic irrigation. Strawberry seedlings that have just been planted are not tolerant to drought and are easily killed by drought. Within 7 days after the strawberry is planted, be sure to supply enough water. Normally, irrigation (water) is applied once a day in the morning. In case of cloudy days, irrigation can be performed every other day. After 7 days, the seedlings basically resumed growth and the drought resistance increased, and the number of irrigation (leafing) waters can be appropriately reduced later.
5. Fertilization for soil preparation: About 1500kg of compost and 667kg of compound fertilizer will be produced per 667? After deepening the garden, the applicator deepened and leveled the planter's floor, and laid lime in the width (60cm) and gutter width (30cm) of the paving. The whole plant was finished with a finely shredded plant that was 55-60cm wide and 25-30cm high.
Sixth, the implementation of plastic film coverage, the implementation of plastic film covering the soil moisture retention and inhibition of weed growth have a good effect, can reduce soil management labor. Covering the plastic film is generally suitable for the strawberry to bloom from flower buds to flowering. It is most suitable for the middle and late November in the Beihai, Guangxi. It should not be too early or too late. Coverage is too early, and since the soil temperature is too high, it is not conducive to the growth of roots and plants, even the phenomenon of “burning seedlingsâ€, and it is also not conducive to early soil management and fertilization. Coverage is too late, not conducive to soil insulation, will affect the growth of roots and plants, but also not conducive to soil moisture, weed control, fruit disease prevention and clean fruit production. The mulching film used for covering is usually a black film, a white black double film or a silver black double film, and a transparent film is not suitable.
VIII. Strengthen flower and fruit management and improve fruit quality: In the management of strawberry plants, in addition to doing basic work such as removing diseased leaves, old leaves, and stalks in a timely manner, we must focus on the management of the following flowers and fruits. The first is to promote fruit coloring and improve quality. Method: a, spray cloth "90%" to extend the handle, so that the fruit receives light well. Usually in each batch of flower buds appeared 60% to 70% or 1-2 hours when the flower stalk is carried out, spraying 9205 ~ 10mg/L, about 5ml per leaf center, 7 days after spraying again. After the temperature rises in March, it can no longer be dealt with. b. Separate the flower and the leaves to improve the light conditions of the flowers and fruits. That is, the string is pulled at both ends of the car, and the leaves are stopped in the middle of the car. The plants are then fixed on both sides and then the bamboo pieces are fixed to make the flowers stand out of the car. c, spray foliar fertilizer. Generally, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + green 1500 times is sprayed once a week before and after the fruit starts to be stained. In the production, the above three methods must be implemented in combination to achieve good results. The second is to carry out thinning and thinning fruit, reduce the rate of malformed fruit, and increase the weight of single fruit and fruit quality. Mainly early removal of poorly-developed florets, small branches, weak fruits, malformed fruits, and pests and fruits. Generally, the number of fruits per plant per group is 12 to 15 and it is advisable to keep a small number of suitable plants.
Nine, attach importance to harvesting and post-harvest treatment, and increase the value of the commodity: Therefore, when the strawberry fruit matures, it must be timely harvested, so that it can be used with it. Fresh fruit is generally harvested at 89% maturity. During the period of high temperatures in March and May, it should be harvested at 70-80% maturity. After the morning dew is dry, it is harvested before the hot sun and high temperatures arrive.
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