Common diseases of legumes include rust, powdery mildew, blight, root rot, leaf spot, sclerotiorum, anthracnose, mosaic and broom (viral diseases), bacterial leaf spot, and nematode diseases. Wait. Rust rust is a type of fungal disease. It is heavily affected by kidney bean, cowpea, broad bean, and soybean damage. Leaves are mainly damaged, and petiole, stem, and pods can also be affected. The brown summer spores pile, the epidermis ruptured, scattered rust brown powder, late rust powder turn black powder. The main factor inducing rust is high temperature and humidity. Control methods: 1. Reasonably arrange and strengthen management: Adjust the sowing date appropriately, avoid the rainy season from the beginning of flowering to harvesting; Adjust the proportion of seasonal planting; Prevent planting of late-planted beans in early-planted beans, and avoid planting phase sooner or later. Adjacent; reasonable dense planting, sorghum cultivation; formula fertilization, matching ratio of N, P and K fertilizer; good grasp of rural health. 2, chemical control: spraying 20% ​​triadimefon EC 1000-1500 times, or 20% triazole Ketosulfide suspension 1000-1500 times, or 25% chlorothalonil + 70% thiophanate (1:1) WP 1000-1500 times, or 25% 1500 times, or 25% demulsifier 1500-2000 times liquid, or 33% triadimefon carbendazim WP 600-800 times. Powdery mildew takes peas, kidney beans, cowpeas, broad beans and other victims as the main damage. Leaves, vines, and pods can also be affected. The symptoms of powdery mildew are characterized by the appearance of sporadic, near-circular white moldy leaves. The leaf tissue under the mildew turns a little whitish green, after which the mildew gradually expands, the number increases, the mildew spots become pink spots, and the joints are combined to cover the entire leaf, affecting the dead leaves of the photosynthetic victims and causing the premature death of the plants. Small spotting also appeared, and when it was severe, it was full of stems and stems, causing yellow stems and even shrinkage. Control methods: 1. Disinfect seeds: For peas, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 50% carbendazim + 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder (1:1) can be used for seed dressing (the dosage is the weight of seed 0.3%-0.4%), and soaking after sealing for 48-72 hours, can delay the onset of about 1 month. 2, strengthen management, cultivation and disease prevention: conditionalists to implement rotation; to avoid planting in low-lying land; reasonable dense planting, rational arrangements for flood direction; remediation drainage system, drainage after the ditch cleansing; formula fertilization in particular should increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to avoid bias Application of nitrogen fertilizer; grasp the field health. 3, timely spraying to prevent disease control, timely disease prevention, we must adhere to the "rule early, less governance, ruled" principle. And pay attention to mixing and rotating, spray evenly enough. Anthracnose Anthracnose is a common and important disease in beans. It is usually more susceptible to kidney beans, cowpeas and vegetable soybeans, which can occur from the bacteria to the harvesting period. Cotyledons, sub-stems, leaves, petioles, stems, pods, and seeds can all be harmed. The symptoms of legume anthracnose are: the lesion on the cotyledon of the pathogen is round, reddish-brown to dark brown, and depressed; the spot on the stem is brown or red rust, thin strip, depression and crack. The lesions on the adult leaves mainly occurred on the veins, showing a polygonal shape, red-brown to dark brown; lesions on stems were similar to those on the seedlings; lesions on the ridges were oblong or nearly round, brown to black. Brown, often bulging edges, depression in the center, when the damp spots appear on the surface of the scarred small spots or black spots (soybeans). Control methods: 1. Disinfect seeds: Seed disinfection can use 50% carbendazim or thiram seed dressing (0.4% of the seed weight), or try 45% triadimefone thiram wettable powder, 33 % Triadimefon Carbendazim wettable powder dressing (the same amount as above), or soaking in 800 times liquid soaking for 30 minutes to dry, or soaking with 40% polysulfide suspending agent, 60% anti-mildew treasure wettable powder 600 times liquid 30 minutes, wash and dry sowing. 2. Implement crop rotation: conditional dry and dry crop rotation or rotation with onion and garlic for 1-2 years. 3. Improve cultivation techniques: plowing and soaking soil, leveling the land; timely sowing, promote the nutrition cup nursery, planting age-appropriate seedlings, and planting; , Renovation of irrigation and drainage systems, drainage ditch drainage after the rain; formula fertilization, strict precautions against partial application of nitrogen fertilizer; greenhouse cultivation, pay attention to ventilation and humidity; timely harvest, packaging, storage and transportation before removing disease, improve storage and transportation conditions; timely spray Drug control center, 75% chlorothalonil + 70% thiophanate can be wet powder 1000-1500 times, or 80% of anthrax 800 times Fumei wet powder, or 25% of wet powder can be applied 1000 times, or More than 655 grams of bacteria can be wet powder 800 times. Alternating spray 3-4 times, every 7-10 days 1 time. Viral disease Virus disease is a relatively serious class of infectious diseases. Symptoms of bean-pathoviruses vary according to the type of virus they infect. For example, in the case of mosaic diseases of many kinds of beans, the leaves exhibited bright veins, dark green and light green mottled mosaic leaves, leaf deformities shrinking, and the leaves became smaller. Another example is cowpea witches' broom disease. In addition to the leaves becoming smaller and the leaves shrinking and curling, the most prominent feature is that the leafhopper clusters multiple adventitious shoots and shows plexiform twigs. The bean pods are short and curled, and the tail tips are rat tails. shape. Symptoms of the above legume virus disease are common: the diseased plant is short, the flowering is sluggish or easy to fall, or the flowering is not scarred, the pods are small and small, deformed or discolored. The yield and quality of diseased plants are greatly reduced, and economic losses are significant. Control methods: 1. Controlling and preventing diseases: removing weeds from the field, reducing worms inhabiting places; early controlling worms (the use of pesticides can be controlled with reference to pods); hanging silver plastic strips to repel aphids; strengthening cultivation management: using spring beans to precociously Species, early sowing and early harvest, to avoid the peak of development; Summer beans can be interplanted with Chinese cabbage to help reduce the temperature and maintain the water. Watering in the flowering stage, pay attention to flood control, enhance root activity, timely spraying Foliar fertilizer; remove the early-onset strains early; spray 20% morphoprodukone wettable powder and other virus inhibitors at the beginning of the disease if necessary, or spray 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times, or spray 1.5% The disease spirit 1000 times liquid, once every 10 days, even spray 3-4 times. Leaf spot common bean bean, cowpea leaf spot disease is common in coal, brownish green spot, erythema, gray brown spot, brown ring spot disease and many other, of which the most common occurrence of coal mildew and erythema, The damage is also greatest. When the onset is severe, the leaves dry and fall early, and the impact on the yield is also greater. The next is the ring leaf spot disease, which often causes the leaves to dry. Control methods: 1. Clean the garden, collect the burning of the sick, and deepen the soil, try to implement the wheel. 2. Grasp the cultivation and management centered on the fertilizer and water, and increase the plant resistance. 3. In the early stage of the disease, timely spraying and controlling disease : Pharmacy can be used 75% chlorothalonil + 70% thiophanate (1:1) 1000-1500 times, or 50% protection cream 1000 times, or 25% betalizole or 40% flusilazole EC 6000 - 8000 times liquid, or 45% triadimefon Fushuangmei WP 800 times, or 15% mildew WP 1500 times, alternately spraying 3-4 times, depending on the condition, condition and the day, 7 to 15 days before spraying 1 times, before close dense, pay attention to spray evenly enough.
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