The pulverization is mainly a process of making large pieces of solid materials into pieces or fine powder by mechanical force, and is one of the basic unit operations in the pharmaceutical process of traditional Chinese medicine.
The purpose of the pulverization is: 1 is advantageous for leaching of the active ingredient and facilitating extraction. The tissue cells of Chinese medicinal materials are generally arranged tightly, the cell wall is also very thick, the solvent is not easy to penetrate and diffuse, and after being crushed to a certain extent, the cells are broken, which is favorable for infiltration, and accelerates the dissolution, peptization or elution of the active ingredient; Preparation of tablets and other dosage forms. For the preparation of tablets, powders, nine doses, capsules and other commonly used pharmaceuticals, powdered raw materials and excipients with appropriate particle size are used. Therefore, crushing and sieving are the basic operating procedures for preparing certain pharmaceuticals; To improve the intrinsic quality of the agent. The pulverized and sieved powder is generally a fine powder of approximately the same size. This not only facilitates uniform mixing, reduces the weight or content difference of a single preparation unit, but also facilitates internal absorption or better exerts its adsorption and covering effect; external use may reduce local mechanical irritation; 4 facilitates fresh Chinese herbal medicine Rapid drying; 5 increase the surface area of ​​the drug, promote the dissolution and absorption of the drug.
The pulverization process is mainly accomplished by using external mechanical force to partially destroy the cohesive force between the molecules of the material. That is, the mechanical method is used to increase the surface area of ​​the drug, that is, the process of converting mechanical energy into surface energy. Whether the transformation is complete or not directly affects the efficiency of pulverization. The crushing requirement is mainly the requirement of the crushing degree. The degree of pulverization refers to the fineness of the material after pulverization. It is an important index for checking the effect of the pulverization operation. It is inversely proportional to the average diameter of the pulverized material particles, that is, the smaller the pulverized material, the larger the pulverization degree. The size of the comminution is generally determined by the production requirements, medical uses and the nature of the drug itself. Excessive smashing is not necessarily useful. Attention should also be paid to the undesirable phenomena and problems that may be caused by the pulverization process, such as thermal decomposition, adhesion, re-agglomeration and poor fluidity.
In the pharmaceutical industry, according to the nature of the material being pulverized, the product size requirements and production. Different methods of pulverizing operation are adopted, and pulverizing instruments suitable for the performance of the pulverizing method are selected. The pulverization operation mainly has the following modes: 1 occlusion pulverization and free pulverization; 2 open pulverization and cyclic pulverization; 3 dry pulverization and wet pulverization; 4 separate pulverization and mixed pulverization; 5 other methods such as low temperature pulverization, freeze pulverization, and micro granules Crystallization, solid dispersion, solvent spray drying, and the like.
Commonly used pulverizing equipments include ball mills, universal pulverizers, and fluid energy mills.
At present, pulverization processing technology is tending to develop towards micronization technology and nanotechnology. Ultrafine pulverization makes the drug micronized. A new technology developed in recent decades can pulverize solid materials into ultrafine powders with uniform particle size in a short period of time. The basic points of its development mainly focus on the following aspects: 1 In principle, considering the improvement of effective pulverization energy, most of them use ultra-fine pulverization by the combined effects of impact, shearing and friction; 2 superfine pulverization in structure - grading combination type The high-efficiency airflow classifying device can not only improve the micronized particle size, but also achieve uniformity or specificity of the particle size distribution; 3 the material is made of high wear-resistant material as a lining material. It can not only reduce the contamination of the components or color of the pulverized product, but also improve the service life of the equipment; 4 the implementation of the integration of ultrafine pulverization and particle surface modification; 5 the pulverization of special requirements, such as low temperature pulverization.
The types of pulverizing machinery can be roughly summarized as follows: 1 high-speed mechanical impact micro-pulverizer one vertical and horizontal; 2 air pulverizer - sub-flat, circulating tube, target, counter-injection, fluidized bed pair Spray type; 3 roll type mill 1 - high pressure roll mill, vertical roll mill (Loesche mill, MPS mill); 4 medium motion mill - sub-container driven (ball mill, vibration mill, Planetary mill); 5 medium agitating mill.
This can be seen. Superfine pulverization technology has obvious advantages and characteristics. The promotion and application of this technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine research will effectively promote the improvement of the level of Chinese medicine manufacturing technology and the development of Chinese medicine, and it has broad application prospects and scientific research value.
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