Wild boar feeding process
Chapter 1: Introduction and Domestication
In boar introduction and domestication, the following issues should be noted:
1. Wild boar is a national protected animal. If it is raised on a scale, it should consult the local forestry or wild life insurance department and go through relevant procedures and documents;
2. For introduction to foreign countries, the procedures for entry and exit transportation and quarantine shall be handled;
3. Before the introduction, it is necessary to understand the detailed technology of the breeding wild boar, or to participate in skills training;
4. Do not buy poached wild boars for breeding. It is more difficult to domesticate wild boars than to raise and domesticate wild boars. Without corresponding technologies and facilities, it is difficult to acclimate successfully. The mortality rate is high and the proportion of failures is large, which can easily cause economic losses.
5, the wild boar in the south because of temperature conditions and other reasons, it is difficult to feed in the north. Even if they are raised individually, they cannot be used as breeding pigs. In addition, long-distance transportation needs certain technical measures to reduce losses.
6, to identify the truth, the introduction can not be coveted and cheap, it is necessary to introduce the formal manufacturers, the best introduction of a two-male and four-mother --- four male and eight female is the best;
7. Early introduction of wild boar piglets whose weight is between 10 and 15 kilograms and whose age is within 3 months is the best choice. It is easier to domesticate and raise, and the survival rate is high. If there is no domestication experience, it is best to introduce the domesticated piglets that have been domesticated successfully in regular factories. So as to avoid loss;
8, the introduction of wild boar must be fixed personnel feeding, strict control of the visit, fixed feeding, drinking time, and do a good job of feeding the transition and disease prevention.
Chapter II: Site Selection
terrain
A pig house should be built in a location with high terrain, well-drained, sunny leeward and long hours of sunshine.
Adequate water supply
No pollution, water quality standards are not below the requirements of human drinking water standards.
surroundings
The pig house should be built more than 1,000 meters away from the traffic arteries. It should be far away from residential areas, away from chemical plants, and away from other animal breeding areas and downtown areas.
The design of the pig house
Because wild boar activity and range are far greater than domestic pigs, especially the height of the leap is far greater than that of domestic pigs, there must be a guardrail of 2.5 meters or more around the pens to prevent boars from jumping out. The shed must be firm to make it cool in winter and cool in summer. The temperature in the winter can't be lower than minus 5 degrees Celsius. The relative humidity in the winter can't exceed 60%. There should be automatic drinking water in the shed. Defecation drainage channels are dedicated to avoid artificial removal of excrement. If a small number of pigs are allowed to build a single-row pig house, there is a special drainage ditch between the human-shaped road and the pig house in the pens, the slope should be between 3 and 5 degrees, and the corresponding capacity of the storage tank should be built outside the circle according to the rearing volume. . If a large amount of breeding, should consider the construction of double-barreled open pig house, also has a drainage ditch and a storage tank.
Pig house layout
Regardless of the amount of breeding, the pig house must be divided into a boar house, a breeding house, a pig house, a nursery house and a finishing house. There are 30-50 square meters of sports grounds outside the circle for breeding purposes. The stadium fence cannot be less than 2 meters. Ventilation facilities should be provided in the sheds, and ventilation, exhaust odors, and cooling should be performed as required.
Chapter 3: Selection of Breeding Pigs
1, the choice of breeding boar
Because the boar's appearance is different from that of domestic pigs, when selecting boars, attention should be paid to choosing two eyes, rapid response, normal appetite, lustered back hair, high front and low limbs, symmetrical testicles, and normal epididymal morphology. Can be used as a breeding pig. In general, a boar can be combined with 2-3 sows.
2, the choice of breeding sows
First, there should be more than 5 pairs of nipples. The nipples should be symmetrical and the mammary glands should be normal. At least 5 pairs of sow's nipples should be allowed. In normal conditions, the last pair of nipples should have low breast-feeding capacity. When sows are selected, they can be used as breeding sows with normal feces and urine, shiny back coat, well-proportioned limbs, divine eyes, quick response, normal appetite, and a clear development cycle.
Chapter IV: Feeding and management of wild boar at different stages
1. Breeding management of breeding boars
The boar's initial mating age is 12–14 months, and the most suitable weight for the first breeding is between 65 and 75 kg. It is not suitable for breeding when it is too thin or obese. The boar's useful life is within 5 or 6 years, and the breeding boar is bred in a single circle.
Feed: Feed the adult boar 2.5-3.0 kg per day, feed it 2-3 times a day, and use 1:2 water ratio. (1 part water, 2 parts mix)
Sports: Because the boars are raised in a single lap, in order to strengthen sperm activity, they must go to the sports field more than 2 times a week. Each exercise must not be less than 4 hours. The distance to exercise should not be less than 1.5 kilometers. Pay attention to cleaning the pigs and keep them clean. .
Breeding: It is advisable to breed one time per day, and no more than two times. After 4-5 days of continuous breeding, it is necessary to rest for one day. In the season of high seasoning, appropriate amount of green feed or carrots should be added to the feed, and one egg can be fed on conditional three days. Keep the pig house warm in winter and prevent heat in summer, and avoid mixing with other boars.
Automatic drinking water: Set up automatic drinker.
2. Breeding and management of breeding sows
Feed amount: The daily dosage is between 2.5 and 3.0, and it is fed 3 to 4 times daily.
Estrus: Generally, the piglets are weaned about 5-7 days after weaning. Each estrus cycle is between 18-24 days. The duration of the affection period is 48-72 hours. The obvious estrus symptom is 24 hours after the estrus. The estrus is observed on the outside. The pig's cunt is swollen, sometimes with a small amount of mucus outflow, willing to approach the boar, receiving boar crosses, and loss of appetite.
Breeding: Under normal conditions, female wild boars are 5 to 17 days old after normal weaning. The reserve mother wild boar is 10 to 14 months old and the weight should be 65 to 75 kg. The allocation will not only affect the performance of its first-breeding breeding, but also affect its own development and reduce its lifetime breeding performance. Late-maturing breeding will increase the breeding cost and affect the amount of lactation after farrowing. When a female wild boar reaches sexual maturity, an intrinsic sexual cycle occurs, also known as the estrus cycle (usually, the interval between the last estrus and the next estrus is called the estrus cycle). Purebred wild sows each year in the spring and autumn estrus belongs to the season estrus; the estrous cycles of the domesticated hybrid sows average 20 days, the range is mostly 18-24 days, the estrus period generally lasts 3-5 days, before and after In the third and later period, the appropriate breeding time is in the middle of estrus, that is, 24 hours after the estrus symptoms appear in the sows, as long as they are willing to accept the boar cross, that is, the first mating. After the first mating, the second time will be matched 18-24 hours later. Generally speaking, mating 2 times in one estrus cycle is sufficient. More mating does not increase the number of litters or even has side effects. The key is to grasp the appropriate time for good breeding.
Pre-breeding rearing of female sows: Young female wild boars are fed a short period of time before mating, adolescent female wild boar includes maternal wild boar and maternal wild boar. The young female wild boar raises the level of feeding for a period of time before mating, and the short-term excellent feeding can increase the number of ovulation. From the 15 days before breeding to the end of breeding, feed more energy feeds such as corn and wheat bran on the basis of the original diet. After the end of breeding, restore the original dietary basis. Overweight female wild boars also perform short-term, high-quality, timely feeding after weaning. The diet should be full-price nutritional level; for well-known sows, the amount of feeding should be gradually reduced on the 3rd day before weaning, so as to facilitate milk collection and avoid mastitis. When the breasts are in estrus, the amount of daily feeds should be increased to promote normal ovulation. After mating and conceiving, reduce the amount of feeding in time.
Automatic drinking water: Set up automatic drinker.
Flirtation: Individual sows are reluctant to heat during the first birth and can rush the boars and sows to the mixed activities in the stadium at the same time, especially for sows whose estrus symptoms are not obvious. Mixed movements make it easy to find estrus and prompt estrus to breed.
3, feeding and management of pregnant sows
For gestation sows, first of all to prevent excessive fat. Generally, the daily feeding amount is between 2.5 and 3.0, and automatic drinking water is provided. Do not feed frozen and moldy feeds.
The miscarriage: pregnant sows must be bred in a single lap to prevent crowding, biting, catching up, and preventing miscarriage. Keep warm in winter and prevent high temperatures in summer.
4, feeding and management of nursing sows
Prenatal preparation: The sow is transferred to the delivery room 7-10 days before delivery. The expected date of the pregnant sow is generally 116 days (positive and negative) 5 days. The calculation method is: the last breeding date of the month plus 3, day plus 24 is Expected date. Example: The date of mating is January 5, 2004: January + 3 = April, and 5 + 24 = 29, that is, the expected date of birth is April 29, 2004.
Delivery room disinfection: After calculating the expected date of delivery, the pregnant sow is flushed with clean water before being transferred to the birth circle, and then disinfected with disinfectant and kept dry on the ground.
Insulation: The temperature of the delivery room should be controlled at 23 degrees to 28 degrees, and the minimum must not be lower than 15 degrees, otherwise the survival rate of piglets will be affected.
Health checkups; pregnant sows undergo a health examination 15 to 20 days before birth and find symptomatic treatment when there are ectoparasites and other diseases.
Feeding method: For good nymphs, reduce the amount of feed by 2 weeks before delivery. For those with poor lye, increase the amount of feed by 0.5 to 1.0 kg. The formula for feed is shown in the table below.
Care for pregnant sows: According to the expected date of production, the symptoms of labor are found, feed is stopped, bran soup with only 0.5% salt is fed, and winter is prepared with warm water (about 25 degrees).
Production preparation: When the sows are found to have symptoms of labor, clean the vulva, breasts, and trunk with a disinfectant solution. Commonly used disinfectants include 100 toxaline, and potassium permanganate disinfectant.
Confidence: Immediately after the piglet is produced, remove the mucus from the mouth by hand, then carefully wipe the nose and body mucus with a clean, soft cloth or hay, and immediately send it to the incubator. Use 75% alcohol for weak piglets. Rub your nose and tap your chest gently until your breathing is normal.
Broken umbilicus: After the piglet is produced, the umbilical cord blood is squeezed to the abdomen to the maximum, and then is pressed with fingers to prevent blood from flowing back. After 2-3 minutes, the umbilical cord is cut 2-3 cm away from the abdomen with 5% iodine. Disinfection, such as hemorrhage can be ligated to stop bleeding.
Breastfeeding: For the first time, the piglets with small body size and weak constitution should be fixed on the nipple at the front of the sow; the body shape is large and the body strength is strong and fixed on the nipple at the back of the sow, so that the piglets can develop well; Piglets are usually sucked 1 hour after they have been excluded from the placenta or after the last piglet has been produced. Labor delivery or surgery should be performed for more than eight hours of labor.
5, feeding and management of postpartum sows
Limiting material management: Sows at 8 to 10 hours postpartum stop feeding, only feeding soybean meal and bran soup. Within 2-3 days postpartum, no excessive feed, no roughage, no nutrient-digestible feed, and normal feeding within 5 days after birth. 10-20 days after childbirth, the daily feeding amount is 3-4 kg; the daily feeding amount is 4-5 kg ​​in 21-30 days; the normal feeding amount is changed after 31 days after delivery, 2.5-3 kg is fed every day, and the daily feeding is 3 Times. The first two days after birth control the drinking water, later to ensure adequate drinking water.
Special care: For non-milk or under-supply sows, postpartum soy milk, millet porridge, fetal clothing soup, fish soup and other high-nutrition foods can be fed. Sows with symptoms of postpartum constipation can be fed with some tender feeds, and some laxatives can be used severely until normal.
Throughout the lactation period, care must be taken to ensure that the air is fluid, fresh air, hygienic, moisture-proof, and the cage is kept dry.
6, feeding and management of suckling piglets
Feeding and Management of Newborn Piglets: Due to poor resistance of newborn piglets, we must do a good job of insulation work. The temperature of pighouses at 1-7 days should be kept between 25-30 degrees; 20-25 degrees at 8-30 days, 40. Above the age of 18 degrees or more. Low temperatures or excessive humidity can cause various diseases and affect the survival rate of piglets.
Eat colostrum: Because colostrum contains maternal specific antigen, enough colostrum can promote the growth and development of piglets. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that each piglet eats colostrum. It is best to artificially fix the nipples according to the size of the piglets. To ensure the balanced development of piglets.
Iron supplementation: In order to ensure the normal development of piglets, piglets are injected twice a day at 3 and 15 days of age, each time in 1 ml of intramuscular injection.
Early eating: Generally, piglets are breast-fed for 30-50 days, and they start to be hunted before 7-10 days before weaning. They are 3-5 times a day for normal feeding after weaning.
Deworming: On time, deworming is an indispensable part of the process. Piglets are dewormed 20-30 days after their birth. The method is oral levamisole or abamectin, according to the instructions dose standards can not be exceeded.
Weaning: Regardless of whether the piglets were born after birth or commercial pigs, they should be weaned 30-50 days after the suckling in order to promote early estrus in the sows. The weaning method uses a daily reduction in the number of breast-feedings, complete weaning within a week, and pigs that have been weaned are given 5 to 7 times a day after 24 hours, and each time they cannot eat enough to prevent the occurrence of digestive diarrhea.
Grouping: After weaning, piglets can be reared in groups for about 2 weeks. When groups are grouped, it is strictly forbidden to gregariously raise the size of the individual. The shape and weight of the piglets must be grouped together to prevent poor fertility.
Chapter 5: Feed and Management
1. Reasonable grouping: Reasonable grouping based on individual size and physical condition characteristics, moderate density, not too large or too small;
2, do a good job tuning work: (1) to prevent snatch weak food, help establish the order of social groups, arranged separately and evenly. (2) Fix the place of life, position the animals for food, sleep, and defecation, and keep the house clean and dry. (3) Provide sufficient drinking water, reasonably mix with diet (4) regularly deworm.
Attachment: Special wild boar feed formula (for reference)
Special wild boars have a wide range of feed sources and are resistant to roughage. The feed cost is only 40%-50% of domestic pigs. The formula for different pigs is as follows:
Ingredients for boars: corn 30%, bran 15%, rice bran 20%, fish meal 5%, salt 0.3%, sweet potatoes or pumpkin 30%, (big cabbage, kohlrabi, carrots can be).
Sow Ingredients: 20% corn, 30% rice bran, 15% rough, 30% sweet potato or pumpkin, 0.4% salt.
Piglet ingredients: corn 30%, bran 15%, rice bran 10%, secondary powder 20%, fish meal 5%, pumpkin 20%, salt 0.3%.
The above formula can be properly adjusted according to its feeding effect: (The missing parts of the feed varieties can be used substitutes, such as pumpkin can be replaced by sweet potatoes and potatoes).
Chapter 6: Prevention and cure of wild boar diseases
Although wild boars have strong disease resistance, they are highly susceptible to various infectious diseases of domestic pigs during large-scale rearing and artificial domestication. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and treatment of various boar diseases. This field is based on the actual situation in the region. The following epidemic prevention and control measures:
(I) Prevention and treatment of gastroenteritis
The most common disease of wild boar is gastroenteritis caused by indigestion. If you eat too much, it will cause peptic diarrhea and affect the growth and development of wild boar.
1, to avoid feeding too much to prevent indigestion caused by overfullness. The feeding amount of boars of different ages is based on the data provided in this document and cannot be changed arbitrarily.
2, to have enough water, it is best to use automatic drinker water.
3, winter to prevent indoor humidity is too large, relative humidity between 60-65% is appropriate, especially where the wild boar sleeping place should be grass, to prevent sleeping in wetlands.
4. For diseased pigs suffering from indigestion, firstly limit the amount of feed, only one-third of the feed for a day, give enough water, after 3-4 days, return to the normal after the pig's excrement is normal. Feed amount; For pigs that can not return to normal after restrictive feeding, some gastrointestinal astringent drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs may be used, such as: mixed sense Lings intramuscular injection (according to the instructions dosage), oral streptomycin 0.5-2.0 g, one day 2 Second, other gastrointestinal anti-inflammatory drugs can also be used.
(II) Prevention and treatment of E. coli disease
The majority of wild boar colibacillosis induced this disease due to wet or unhygienic houses and too high breast milk protein. The main symptom is the excretion of the same color as the feed or similar milk-like loose feces in the early stage of disease, and the feces in the later stages become gray or grayish. Individuals turn dark brown, with stench. Individual pigs have a fever of 40-41 degrees, some infected pigs have upper respiratory tract infections or pneumonia, treatment of syndromes, prevention of colibacillosis in piglets:
1. Keep the pens dry to prevent moisture.
2. Before the nursing, you must use the disinfectant to clean the sow's udder and let the piglet suckle.
3. The sow is injected once every 20-30 days before the birth of the piglet E. coli genetic engineering K88-STI-LT8 trivalent inactivated vaccine once, and the postpartum piglet is injected once at the age of 3-5 days.
Treatment of piglet E.coli; treatment against syndromes: gastrointestinal anti-inflammatory drugs and astringent drugs are used at the same time. If the body temperature is high, antipyretics can be used at the same time. When bacillus is cultured in feces, it can be treated with antibiotics such as berberine and streptomycin sulfate. , Use according to instructions. For sick pigs without bacillus culture, reduce the amount of feed and reduce the protein content of the feed. (The original feed may not add soybean meal, add it after normal digestion), can be oral 5-10g of carbon, once a day, use Three days, in order to prevent the loss of gastrointestinal mucosa, gastrointestinal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used at the same time, such as: enteritis, clear, mixed feeling Ling Ling, etc., dosage according to instructions.
(III) Prevention and Control of Respiratory Diseases
Boar common respiratory diseases are upper respiratory tract infections and pneumonia, and toxoplasmosis, etc. If a single upper respiratory tract infection, the pig's appetite is normal, only the performance of cough, body temperature is not high, if secondary pneumonia, the sick pig breathing Difficulty, abdominal breathing, loss of appetite, fever, lying, unwilling to walk, conjunctival flushing, sometimes faecal dryness, dull hair, unsteady walking, ataxia.
Prevention: strengthen the feeding and management, eliminate the original sick pigs, and find that the sick pigs are immediately isolated to prevent the enclosures from having high humidity and low temperatures. When the stove is warmed, it can prevent carbon monoxide poisoning and maintain air circulation.
One ml of swine streptococci was inactivated by intramuscular injection of 1 ml of inactivated bivalent inactivated bacteria in piglets within 3 weeks of age, and 2 ml of inactivated swine streptococcal inactivated vaccine was injected intramuscularly in piglets over 3 weeks of age (including large pigs).
Treatment: If it is a case of diseased pigs on farms, they must be eliminated at one time, and the disease can be treated symptomatically in commercial pig farms. Such as: oxytetracycline, kanamycin, tylosin, penicillin, streptomycin, camphorsulfonic acid sodium and sulfa drugs, the sick pig must be isolated.
(D) Prevention of other diseases
1. Prevention of foot-and-mouth disease: Regardless of the size of the pigs, a foot-and-mouth disease vaccine should be given once every 4 months. Intramuscular injection of 1 ml below 25 kg and 2-3 ml over 25 kg.
2. Prevention of Swine Fever: Regardless of the size of the pig, 1 ml of the swine fever vaccine should be administered intramuscularly and inoculated twice a year in March and September each year.
3. Prevention of swine erysipelas: Regardless of the size of the pigs, oral swine erysipelas vaccine will be given once a year in March and September each year.
4. Prevention of porcine pulmonary epidemic disease: Regardless of the size of the pigs, oral vaccines for porcine pulmonary diseases should be administered once a year in March and September each year.
5. Prevention of paratyphoid in pigs: Oral paratyphoid vaccine should be given to pigs within 6 months.
Swine fever: Currently, it is the infectious disease that causes the pig industry the most. At present, there is no effective medicine treatment at home and abroad. Immediately after the diseased pig is found, harmless treatment is performed and treatment is not allowed. The emergency immunization of the same swine is to prevent the spread.
Pulmonary plague: It is caused by Pasteurella multocida infection. The main symptoms are elevated body temperature and difficulty in breathing. Most of the pigs are dog sitting postures. After the disease course is seen 2-3 days later, throat and neck swelling, nasal discharge Blood-like foam (pale red), erythema in thin skin, inflammatory edema in throat mucosa and surrounding subcutaneous tissue, swelling of tracheal and bronchial mucosa, and foamy fluid in trachea. The general course is about 7-15 days.
Treatment; clinically available penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin and other antibiotics and sulfa drugs treatment. 3-5 days for a course of treatment, conditional rehydration therapy. In addition to the lungs of cured pigs, other organs can be eaten.
Paratyphoid pigs: piglets within 6 months of age are susceptible to this disease, but most of them are 2-4 months old.
Symptoms: Sick pigs with a high temperature of 40-42 degrees, loss of appetite, dry nose, conjunctival flushing, sometimes vomiting, early dryness, late diarrhea, fecal odors, behind the ears, neck, abdomen and limbs The inside of the skin appears dark purple and mostly died after 4-6 days. The mortality rate was about 60%. The main lesions showed systemic septicemia. The colon and cecum showed thickening of the intestinal wall, necrosis, and ulceration. The appearance of bran was found on the surface of the cecum. Lesions; sick pigs can not eat, the body to be buried.
Treatment: The main antibiotics, such as: sulfonamides, kanamycin, Litulin, etc. for the treatment of syndrome.
(e) Prevention of swine diseases
Whether or not the wild boar can develop is closely related to the individual's natural non-specific resistance, strengthen the feeding and management of wild boars, pay attention to environmental sanitation, implement a strict veterinary hygiene system, and enhance the health of pigs and the resistance to external pathogenic factors. It is prevention. The important conditions of infectious diseases, at the same time, should also pay attention to the cleanliness of feed and drinking water, not to feed rotten, moldy and degenerate feed, the cage is often cleaned, kept clean, dry, cold and warm, summer cooling, food trough and management tools to keep clean All of these are prevention and treatment of diseases that cannot be ignored. They are also the basic conditions for guaranteeing the growth and development of pigs, robust physical strength, and strong resistance to disease.
1, group feeding
According to gender, age, and various stages of nutrition requirements determine the feeding standards and feeding methods to ensure the normal development and health of wild boar and prevent nutritional deficiency.
2, create a good growing environment
Keep the pig house clean and comfortable, with good ventilation, keep it warm and cold, prevent it from cooling, and improve feed utilization, promote the growth of wild boar and reduce the incidence of diseases.
3, do a good job in the farm environment, pig house cleaning, sanitation and disinfection, elimination of pathogens, remove the external environment transmission factors.
4. Strengthen feeding and management of lactating sows and piglets
(1) Pay attention to feeding and management of lactating sows
During the lactation period, feeds rich in nutrients, containing protein, vitamins, and inorganic salts should be given to make more and better milk and ensure the nutrition of piglets. Three to five days before weaning, the amount of concentrate and high-sugar should be gradually reduced, and mastitis should be prevented after weaning.
(2) Pay attention to the insulation, drying and hygiene of newborn piglets. As soon as possible, the piglets eat colostrum, and early colostrum can absorb more maternal antibodies to obtain passive immunity and improve the piglets' resistance to diseases.
(3) Early feeding and drinking
Early feeding can promote the activity of gastrointestinal function, not only can increase the digestive effect, but also can prevent the diarrhea of ​​the piglet. The piglets can drink clean water early in the 3-5 days old to prevent the piglet from drinking sewage or urine and cause diarrhea or other diseases. disease.
(4), supplement inorganic salt, prevention and treatment of piglets anemia.
(5) Stable feed types, regular quantitative feeding.
(6) Pay attention to feeding and management of weaned wild boars to prevent diarrhea in weaned piglets
5. Formulate a reasonable health system for epidemic prevention
(1) Choose the site and make a reasonable layout.
(2) Establish an epidemic prevention system to prevent disease from spreading.
(3) Sweeping, cleaning, sterilizing, and maintaining cleanliness.
(4) Drive mosquitoes and rodents.
(5) Pay attention to the monitoring of the epidemic situation, discover the condition in time, and take preventive measures.
6. Formulate and implement scientific immunization procedures
The immunization program is based on the immune status of the herd and the epidemic season of the epidemic, combined with the local specific epidemic. The immunization program should be based on the local epidemic, the type and nature of the disease, the antibodies of the pig and maternal antibodies. The level of the pig, the age and use of the pig, and the nature of the vaccine.
7, regularly deworming
(1) Drug selection: Antiparasitic drugs with high efficacy, safety, broad spectrum, and low side effects should be selected, and various preparations of ivermectin and avermectin are the preferred drugs.
(2) Deworming mode: Antiparasitic drugs are used for pregnant sows 20-30 days before delivery and once before mating. Boars are used at least twice a year, but in severely infected areas, medication is applied 4 to 6 times a year. Piglets are used once every 20 days and once every 80 to 90 days. The gilts were pre-medicated once, and the newly-purchased pigs were dewormed twice, separated by 10-14 days.
8, prevent poisoning
(1) Prevent nitrite poisoning
(2) Preventing Potato and Poisonous Green Feed Poisoning
(3) Prevent moldy feed poisoning
(4) To prevent feed poisoning of cakes, clams, grains and clams
(5) Prevent salt poisoning
(6) To prevent drug poisoning
(f), wild boar administration method
1, oral administration method
(1) Mixing materials
(2) Drinking water
2, drug injection method
(1) Subcutaneous injection: After the ear root or inner part of the femur, the part is sheared and disinfected. It is used for drugs and bacterins which are easy to dissolve and have no strong irritant.
(2) Intramuscular injection: rich in intramuscular blood vessels, rapid absorption of drugs, second only to intravenous injection, and less sensory nerves, so less pain, widely used in clinical; injection site in the buttocks or ears behind the four fingers The neck is either inside or outside the neck.
Wild boar breeding technical regulations
1 Scope
This standard specifies the appearance characteristics of wild boar, wild boar breeding, wild boar farm construction requirements, wild boar breeding, wild boar feeding and management, wild boar feed and nutrition standards, boar main disease prevention and control technical indicators.
2. Definitions This standard uses the following definitions:
2.1 boar appearance characteristics
The wild boar head is powerful and straight, with a conical shape. It has a narrow body and small hindquarters. Its forequarters are more developed and its back is shorter. The armor is higher than the buttocks, and the back is sharply tilted backwards. The bones of the extremities are slender and solid, not only using the third. The fourth toe touches the ground, and the second and fifth toes touch the ground. The skin is thick, the back hair is hard and the coat color is dark, with a protective color.
2.2 Main traits:
2.2.1 Weight: Adult boar weight 100-200 kg, maximum weight up to 400 kg
2.2.2 Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae: 14 thoracic vertebrae and 5 lumbar vertebrae
2.2.3 Nipples: 4 pairs - 6 pairs
2.2.4 Head length and body length ratio: 1:3
2.2.5 slaughter rate: 55%-65%
2.2.6 Fat deposition: deposition of fat only in late summer and autumn; no fat deposits in muscle
3, wild boar breeding
3.1 Suitable for breeding weight: 10-15 kg, maximum not more than 50 kg
3.2 Suitable breeding age: piglets within 90 days of birth
3.3 Prevention and control of the disease before cultivation: vaccines and insect repellents such as swine erysipelas, piglet paratyphoid fever, swine lung disease, and swine fever
3.4 Feed: After the wild boar enters the breeding house, it only supplies clean drinking water, raw grains, sweet potatoes, melons, peanut pods, pastures, etc. within one week.
3.5 Breeder: Fixed breeder, strict control of visits
4, wild boar farm breeding and construction requirements
4.1 Site Selection
4.1.1 topography: high dry terrain, good drainage, leeward
4.1.2 Water Source: Sufficient water source, easy protection, and good water quality
4.1.3 Electricity and Transportation: Power Supply Security and Convenient Transportation
4.1.4 Ambient environment: More than 1,000 meters away from the traffic arteries, more than 500 meters away from the residential area, away from chemical plants, slaughter plants
4.2 field layout
Production and living areas are strictly separated
4.3 housing design
4.3.1 Shelter is firm, cool in winter and cool in summer, well-lit and well-ventilated
4.3.2 Housing Category: Male pig houses, sow houses, farrowing houses, rearing houses and nursery houses
4.3.3 Pig House Construction: Implemented in accordance with regulations
4.4 Sports Ground: Set up a public playground with an area of ​​100 square meters or more.
5, wild boar breeding
5.1 boars
5.1.1 Suitable initial months of age: 12-14 months
5.1.2 Suitable initial weight: 65 kg or more
5.1.3 Species age: 5-6 years
5.2 sows
5.2.1 Suitable initial months of age: 10-14 months of age
5.2.2 Suitable initial weight: 65 kg or more
5.2.3 estrus cycle: 18-24 days, an average of 21 days
5.2.4 estrus duration: 3-5 days
5.2.5 Sows breeding time: 5-7 days after weaning
5.2.6 Pregnancy: 110-120 days, an average of 114 days
5.2.7 species life: 5-6 years
6. Feeding management of wild boar
6.1 Main Requirements for Feeding Management
6.1.1 Check the pigs daily and find dead pigs, sick pigs, and abnormal conditions to report and process in time
6.1.2 Clean the shed manure daily on time
6.1.3 Disinfect twice a week
6.1.4 timing, quantitative feeding, not feed mildew feed
6.1.5 Provide sufficient drinking water
6.1.6 Scheduled visits: Three times a day, check feces, check appetite, check mental status
6.1.7 Prepare Production Records
6.2 boar breeding management
6.2.1 breeding single boar,
6.2.2 periodically drive the breeding boar to wash the pig
6.2.3 Attention to the summer sun cooling, winter attention to keep warm
6.2.4 Feed quantity: 2.5-3.0 kg per day of adult boar
6.2.5 Feeding times: 2-3 times a day
6.2.6 feeding method: dry material or wet mix (water ratio 1:2)
6.2.7 Breeding Season Feed Requirements: In the case of normal feed, green feed such as melons, potatoes and carrots
6.2.8 Breeding times: once a day, no more than twice, continuous for 4-5 days, rest day
6.3 sow rearing management
6.3.1 Feeding management of empty sow
6.3.1.1 Sows mating: 5-7 days after weaning of piglets, sow mating during normal estrus
6.3.1.2 Mating times: Two matings during one estrus. The first sow shows signs of estrus for 24 hours and is willing to accept boars. The second mating is performed within 18-24 hours after the first mating.
6.3.1.3 Young sow breeding: Short-term, high-quality feed aphrodisiac should be performed 15 days before breeding and until the end of breeding.
6.3.1.4 Reducing materials: sows with good lyricism should gradually reduce the amount of feed before 3 days before weaning to facilitate milk collection.
6.3.2 Pregnant sow feeding management
6.3.2.1 Avoid miscarriage: prevent crowding, biting, slipping, chasing
6.3.2.2 Pay attention to sunstroke prevention in summer and prevent cold and fever in winter
6.3.2.3 Do not feed frozen feed
6.3.2.4 Maintaining a Pregnancy Sow Upper Body Condition: (Bacheng 膘)
6.3.3 Feeding Management of Sows
6.3.3.1 Sow Prenatal Preparation
6.3.3.1.1 Disinfection in maternity wards: Wash first litters with water and then disinfect them with 2% caustic soda or other drugs.
6.3.3.1.2 delivery room temperature: temperature is suitable for 20-25 degrees
6.3.3.1.3 Transferring the sow to the delivery room 7-10 days before childbirth
6.3.3.1.4 Pregnant sows undergoing physical examination 2 weeks prior to delivery. If any fleas or swine fever are found, they are sprayed with 2% trichlorfon.
6.3.3.1.5 Change feeding of lactating feed from 20 days before delivery
6.3.3.1.6 feeding method: good sensation, 5-7 days before delivery to gradually reduce the amount of feed, feed poorly and add some protein-rich prolactin feed
6.3.3.1.7 Labor sow care: find labor symptoms, stop feeding, only feed bran soup containing 2% of practical salt; in winter, the temperature of the soup is adjusted with warm water
6.3.3.2 sow production
6.3.3.2.1 Confidence preparation: Farrowing symptoms appear. Wash sow, hindquarters and breasts of the sow with disinfectant solution.
6.3.3.2.2 Piglet care: Immediately after the piglet is produced, the mucus in the oral cavity is emptied by hand, and then the nose and body mucus are wiped dry.
6.3.3.2.3 Broken umbilical: If the umbilical cord of the piglet cannot be broken off naturally, press the blood in the umbilical cord to the umbilical root, then cut off the finger from the umbilical root 5-6CM, and cut off with 5% iodine.
6.3.3.2.4 Piglets feeding: Treated piglets are sent to the sows for feeding as soon as possible
6.3.3.2.5 Special care: For sows who are not quiet in the litter process, put the piglet in the incubator first. After the end of the tiller, send the piglet to the sow for feeding, but the maximum time should not exceed 3 hours.
6.3.3.2.6 Sow sow care: It is advisable to give the sow 2% warm salt water for 30 minutes after giving birth, or warm bran soup containing 2% salt
6.3.3.3 Sow postnatal care
6.3.3.3.1 Sows stop feeding within 8 to 10 hours postpartum and only feed soybean meal and bran soup
6.3.3.3.2 Sows should not feed too much within 2-3 days after giving birth, and need to feed nutrient-rich and digestible feed.
6.3.3.3.3 Sow normal feed intake 5-7 days after childbirth
6.3.3.3.4 Postpartum milk or milk shortage, feed some millet porridge, soy milk, fetal clothing soup, fish soup, etc.
6.3.3.3.5 Feed the fresh sows with constipated tendons and feed them artificially if necessary.
6.3.3.4 Nursing Sows Feeding Requirements
6.3.3.4.1 Feed quantity: 10 to 20 days after childbirth, daily dose 3-4 kg; 21 to 30 days, 4 to 5 kg; 31 days until 3-4 days before weaning, daily feed volume gradually reduced to 2.5 to 3.0 kilogram
6.3.3.4.2 feeding times: 3-4 times a day
6.3.3.4.3 Drinking Water: Supplying Clean Drinking Water
6.3.3.4.4 Feeding green fodder: It is advisable to increase the amount of pumpkin, beet (mashed or beaten), carrots, pasture and other succulent feeds per day.
6.3.3.4.5 Feed Stabilization: Feed Variety should be Stable and Not Changeable
6.3.3.4.6 Hygiene: The shed is to be dry and sanitary and the air is fresh
6.4 Feeding Management of Piglets
6.4.1 Feeding and management of suckling piglets
6.4.1.1 Piglet Insulation: Piglets mediate poor body temperature and must keep piglets warm
6.4.1.2 Insulation method: Infrared lamp, warm bed, electric heating plate and incubator are commonly used
6.4.1.3 Suitable temperature: 1-7 days old, temperature between 25-30 degrees; 8-30 days old, temperature between 20-25; 31-60 days old, temperature around 18 degrees
6.4.1.4 Eat Colostrum: It is necessary to ensure that each piglet eats colostrum and that it is not able to eat colostrum, and it is necessary to artificially eat colostrum.
6.4.1.5 Iron supplementation: Piglets are injected twice at 3 and 15 days of age, 1 ml per head
6.4.1.6 Early initiation of eating: Induce eating no later than 7 days of age, and induce food 4 to 5 times a day until the piglets feed.
6.4.1.7 Insecticide: Piglets are dewormed at 20 days of age
6.4.2 Feeding management of weaned piglets
6.4.2.1 Weaning Time: Weaning at 40-50 days
6.4.2.2 Weaning methods: Three types, namely a weaning method; batch weaning method and gradual weaning method
Nutrient Category Digestion (Mj/kj) Crude Protein (%) Lysine (%) Calcium (%) Phosphorus (%)
Breastfeeding piglets 12.97 19.0 1.05 1.00 0.75
Nursery piglets 12.76 17.5 0.95 0.95 0.48
Breeding pigs 12.25 16.0 0.85 0.70 0.49
Finishing pigs 12.34 14.5 0.71 0.70 0.60
Boar 12.34 15.0 0.58 0.80 0.56
Pregnancy sows 12.34 13.5 0.45 0.70 0.60
Late pregnancy sows 12.34 15.0 0.58 0.80 0.60
Breastfeeding sows 12.76 17.0 0.65 0.90 0.60
6.4.2.2.1 One-time weaning method: Suitable for sows with low risk of secreted milk and no risk of mastitis. The piglets are separated from the sow at the time of weaning and the piglets are kept in the original circle.
6.4.2.2.2 Batch Weaning Method: One week prior to the scheduled weaning date, first isolate the finishing piglets for breeding and development. The backward piglets continue to be suckled and weaned on the weaning date.
6.4.2.2.3 Gradually weaning method: 4-6 days before weaning to control the number of times the sow is suckled, gradually reduce the number of times, and weaning at the scheduled weaning stage.
6.4.2.3 Do not change the circle or mix the groups: weaned piglets should be kept in the original circle for 5 to 10 days. Do not mix several litters of piglets at the same time.
6.4.2.4 Recycling methods: Weanling piglets maintain feed intake for a week or so, and gradually feed the weaned piglets again.
6.4.2.5 Controlling Feeding: Feeding Seven or Eight Again to Prevent Indigestion
6.4.2.6 Feeding times: Weaning to 3 months of age, feeding 5-7 times a day and night, feeding 3 times a day after 3 months of age
6.4.2.7 Parallel grouping: Weaning is about 15 days, eating and droppings are normal after the grouping, and the circle is based on the principle of less and more
6.4.2.8 Training: Training for Eating, Sleeping and Excreting in Piglets
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